Acoustic Emission by Quartz Tuning Forks and Other Oscillating Structures in Cryogenic 4He Fluids

Schmoranzer, David; Mantia, M. La; Sheshin, G. A.; Gritsenko, V. A.; Zadorozhko, A. A.; Rotter, M.; Skrbek, L.

doi:10.1007/s10909-011-0353-1

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…On several rare occasions when measuring fork A in an earlier cell, we observed unexpected and mysterious damping effects, some of which appear similar to effects reported by others [6,16] that were explained by coupling to resonant sound modes in the surrounding cell. We observed these effects in both frequency sweeps (see Fig.…”

Section: Anomalous Dampingsupporting

confidence: 86%

Hysteresis, Switching and Anomalous Behaviour of a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid 4He

et al. 2013

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We have been studying the behaviour of commercial quartz tuning forks immersed in superfluid 4 He and driven at resonance. For one of the forks we have observed hysteresis and switching between linear and non-linear damping regimes at temperatures below 10 mK. We associate linear damping with pure potential flow around the prongs of the fork, and non-linear damping with the production of vortex lines in a turbulent regime. At appropriate prong velocities, we have observed metastability of both the linear and the turbulent flow states, and a region of intermittency where the flow switched back and forth between each state. For the same fork, we have also observed anomalous behaviour in the linear regime, with large excursions in both damping, resonant frequency, and the tip velocity as a function of driving force.

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Section: Anomalous Dampingsupporting

confidence: 86%

Hysteresis, Switching and Anomalous Behaviour of a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid 4He

et al. 2013

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“…It should be emphasized, however, that the temperature may be so low that there is present a negligible fraction of normal fluid, so the presence of normal fluid is not essential for the behavior we have described, the linear drag being then associated with the internal friction. It should also be added that, especially at high frequencies of oscillation, there can be a significant contribution to the damping from acoustic emission, but we shall not pursue this complication (10,(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Superfluid Helium | Quantized Vortex Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum turbulence generated by oscillating structures

Vinen

Skrbek

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The paper summarizes important aspects of quantum turbulence that have been studied successfully with oscillating structures. It describes why some aspects are proving hard to interpret, and it outlines the need for new types of experiment and new developments in theoretical and computational work. superfluid helium | quantized vortex linesThis paper is concerned with the generation of quantum turbulence (1-3) in liquid helium by various forms of oscillating structure, such as a cylinder oscillating in a direction normal to its length. Many experiments on the generation of quantum turbulence by such structures have been reported, involving not only cylinders (or wires), but also spheres, tuning forks, and grids. Many of these experiments and their possible interpretation have already been reviewed (4). We are not aiming to produce another conventional review, and we shall not consider all that has been achieved. Instead, our aim is to focus on three particular aspects of this type of work: first, on experiments that have already contributed significantly to our understanding of issues that are, as we see them, of general and fundamental importance; second, on an exposure of the difficulties in interpreting many of the experiments in any real detail, in the way that has been achieved in analogous work on classical fluids; and third, on ways in which we might overcome these difficulties, which are both theoretical and experimental. We shall be concerned ultimately with both superfluid He. There are of course connections between quantum turbulence produced by oscillating structures and more general aspects of such turbulence. The role of remanent vorticity in the nucleation and stability of quantum turbulence is universally important, and, as we discuss in a later section, it is here that experiments with oscillating structures have been particularly instructive. At a more subtle level, there is the question of the extent to which quantum turbulence is similar to classical turbulence. The observation of a Kolmogorov energy spectrum on large length scales (larger than the vortex-line spacing) in homogeneous quantum turbulence is often quoted as evidence for this similarity. As we shall see, some aspects of the quantum turbulence produced by oscillating structures provide additional evidence. However, in contrast to homogeneous turbulence, quantum turbulence produced by an oscillating structure must be strongly influenced by the boundary conditions at a solid wall. As we discuss in a section devoted to the development of quantum turbulence, uncertainty about the boundary conditions relevant to quantum turbulence hinders interpretation of the experiments and calls for renewed experimental and theoretical study.Almost all of the experiments have involved measurements of the fluid dynamical force on the structure as a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. This force can be divided into a drag, which is in phase with the velocity and therefore dissipative, and a force that is in quadrature with the velocity and ...

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“…As the ratio of the normal component decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature, so does the viscous drag force (the superfluid component being inviscid) and eventually, acoustic emission (or phonon emission, if the reader prefers) will become the dominant dissipative process. A detailed treatment of the acoustic emission by tuning forks including several analytical models will be available in [36]. Presently, it is also believed that acoustic emission may be partly responsible for the observed interaction between two different tuning forks placed inside the same container, which was previously exclusively attributed to quantized vortices, see [37].…”

Section: Acoustic Properties Of Tuning Forksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the quartz tuning fork in classical and superfluid hydrodynamics

Schmoranzer

Mantia

Skrbek

2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Acoustic Emission by Quartz Tuning Forks and Other Oscillating Structures in Cryogenic 4He Fluids

Cited by 65 publications

References 39 publications

Hysteresis, Switching and Anomalous Behaviour of a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid 4He

Hysteresis, Switching and Anomalous Behaviour of a Quartz Tuning Fork in Superfluid 4He

Quantum turbulence generated by oscillating structures

Applications of the quartz tuning fork in classical and superfluid hydrodynamics

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