Acoustic cavitation: the fluid dynamics of non–spherical bubbles

Blake, J. R.; Keen, Giles S.; Tong, R. P.; Wilson, Miles

doi:10.1098/rsta.1999.0326

Cited by 146 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, multibubble applications always have to deal with the interaction of bubbles with boundaries, be they hard (as in materials science) or soft (as in biological and medical contexts). With the experimental observation and numerical simulation of jet cavitation in bubble collapses near a wall by Lauterborn (1988a, 1988b), Vogel et al (1989), Tomita and Shima (1990), Blake et al (1997), Philipp and Lauterborn (1997), Lauterborn and Ohl (1998), Blake et al (1998Blake et al ( , 1999, Tong et al (1999), Brujan et al (2001aBrujan et al ( , 2001b, research in this complex area has only just begun.…”

Section: E Multibubble Fields: In Search Of a Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-bubble sonoluminescence

2002

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Single-bubble sonoluminescence occurs when an acoustically trapped and periodically driven gas bubble collapses so strongly that the energy focusing at collapse leads to light emission. Detailed experiments have demonstrated the unique properties of this system: the spectrum of the emitted light tends to peak in the ultraviolet and depends strongly on the type of gas dissolved in the liquid; small amounts of trace noble gases or other impurities can dramatically change the amount of light emission, which is also affected by small changes in other operating parameters (mainly forcing pressure, dissolved gas concentration, and liquid temperature). This article reviews experimental and theoretical efforts to understand this phenomenon. The currently available information favors a description of sonoluminescence caused by adiabatic heating of the bubble at collapse, leading to partial ionization of the gas inside the bubble and to thermal emission such as bremsstrahlung. After a brief historical review, the authors survey the major areas of research: Section II describes the classical theory of bubble dynamics, as developed by Rayleigh, Plesset, Prosperetti, and others, while Sec. III describes research on the gas dynamics inside the bubble. Shock waves inside the bubble do not seem to play a prominent role in the process. Section IV discusses the hydrodynamic and chemical stability of the bubble. Stable single-bubble sonoluminescence requires that the bubble be shape stable and diffusively stable, and, together with an energy focusing condition, this fixes the parameter space where light emission occurs. Section V describes experiments and models addressing the origin of the light emission. The final section presents an overview of what is known, and outlines some directions for future research. CONTENTS

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Section: E Multibubble Fields: In Search Of a Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-bubble sonoluminescence

2002

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“…In addition, we study power intensities above those that have been reported by others. [7][8][9] This paper reports new findings in terms of energy balance and intense power densities for the production of biodiesel with ultrasonics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The effect of ultrasonic waves on liquids has been discussed in detail by Suslick. 7 Others have explained non-spherical cavitation, 8 while more recently, some have studied multiphysical models involving ultrasonics and biodiesel production. 9 Peshkovsky et al reported the cavitation produced from shock waves, which may have relevance to the work presented in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil Using Ultrasonics

Chand¹,

Chintareddy²,

Verkade³

et al. 2010

Energy Fuels

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Our objective was to determine the effect of ultrasonics on biodiesel production from soybean oil. In this study, ultrasonic energy was applied in two different modes: pulse and continuous sonication. Soybean oil was mixed with methanol and a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was sonicated at three levels of amplitude (60, 120, and 180 μm pp ) in pulse mode (5 s on/25 s off). In the continuous mode, the same reaction mixture was sonicated at 120 μm pp for 15 s. The reaction was monitored for biodiesel yield by stopping the reaction at selected time intervals and analyzing the biodiesel content by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results were compared to a control group, in which the same reactant composition was allowed to react at 60 °C for intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 h without ultrasonic treatment. It was observed that ultrasonic treatment resulted in a 96% by weight isolated yield of biodiesel in less than 90 s using the pulse mode, compared to 30−45 min for the unsonicated control sample with comparable yields (83−86%). In the pulse mode, the highest yield (96%) was obtained by sonicating the mixture at 120 μm pp amplitude. In the continuous sonication mode, the highest biodiesel yield was 86% by weight, which was obtained in 15 s. Our objective was to determine the effect of ultrasonics on biodiesel production from soybean oil. In this study, ultrasonic energy was applied in two different modes: pulse and continuous sonication. Soybean oil was mixed with methanol and a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was sonicated at three levels of amplitude (60, 120, and 180 μm pp ) in pulse mode (5 s on/25 s off). In the continuous mode, the same reaction mixture was sonicated at 120 μm pp for 15 s. The reaction was monitored for biodiesel yield by stopping the reaction at selected time intervals and analyzing the biodiesel content by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results were compared to a control group, in which the same reactant composition was allowed to react at 60°C for intervals ranging from 5 min to 1 h without ultrasonic treatment. It was observed that ultrasonic treatment resulted in a 96% by weight isolated yield of biodiesel in less than 90 s using the pulse mode, compared to 30-45 min for the unsonicated control sample with comparable yields (83-86%). In the pulse mode, the highest yield (96%) was obtained by sonicating the mixture at 120 μm pp amplitude. In the continuous sonication mode, the highest biodiesel yield was 86% by weight, which was obtained in 15 s.

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“…wave scattering effects [26,27], damping mechanisms [29][30][31][32], bubble instability [33,34] and wave propagation in bubbly mediums [35,36]. For example, the wave speed in bubbly mediums is a strong function of both frequencies and bubble sizes as shown in Figures 6 and 7.…”

Section: Other Effectsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Enhancement of heat and mass transfer by cavitation

Zhang

Xian

2015

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. In this paper, a brief summary of effects of cavitation on the heat and mass transfer are given. The fundamental studies of cavitation bubbles, including its nonlinearity, rectified heat and mass diffusion, are initially introduced. Then selected topics of cavitation enhanced heat and mass transfer were discussed in details including whales stranding caused by active sonar activity, pool boiling heat transfer, oscillating heat pipe and high intensity focused ultrasound treatment.

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Acoustic cavitation: the fluid dynamics of non–spherical bubbles

Cited by 146 publications

References 34 publications

Single-bubble sonoluminescence

Single-bubble sonoluminescence

Enhancing Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil Using Ultrasonics

Enhancement of heat and mass transfer by cavitation

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