“…The vibrational structures in streaming-driven devices comprise of either sharp protrusions [13,86–88] or air-filled cavities [79,80,83–85] indented at the boundaries of the microchannel. These structures can be incorporated in the bulk [27,81,89] or side-walls [78,79] of the channels to generate the requisite streaming effects.…”
Section: Passive Agents and Actuation Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These devices contain tilted side-wall protrusions [13,87,88] and bubble columns [84,85] that offer a more directional fluid transport for micro-pumping applications. Furthermore, frequency-selective vibration of these tilted structures enable bi-directional steering of target agents inside these channels [83,88]. Figure 6Different streaming-driven acoustic tweezers devices: ( a ) first generation streaming-driven devices that consists of microchannel workspace with symmetric air-filled side-wall cavities for micromanipulation of a C. Elegans worm.…”
Section: Passive Agents and Actuation Strategiesmentioning
Acoustic actuation techniques offer a promising tool for contactless manipulation of both synthetic and biological micro/nano agents that encompass different length scales. The traditional usage of sound waves has steadily progressed from mid-air manipulation of salt grains to sophisticated techniques that employ nanoparticle flow in microfluidic networks. State-of-the-art in microfabrication and instrumentation have further expanded the outreach of these actuation techniques to autonomous propulsion of micro-agents. In this review article, we provide a universal perspective of the known acoustic micromanipulation technologies in terms of their applications and governing physics. Hereby, we survey these technologies and classify them with regards to passive and active manipulation of agents. These manipulation methods account for both intelligent devices adept at dexterous non-contact handling of micro-agents, and acoustically induced mechanisms for self-propulsion of micro-robots. Moreover, owing to the clinical compliance of ultrasound, we provide future considerations of acoustic manipulation techniques to be fruitfully employed in biological applications that range from label-free drug testing to minimally invasive clinical interventions.
“…The vibrational structures in streaming-driven devices comprise of either sharp protrusions [13,86–88] or air-filled cavities [79,80,83–85] indented at the boundaries of the microchannel. These structures can be incorporated in the bulk [27,81,89] or side-walls [78,79] of the channels to generate the requisite streaming effects.…”
Section: Passive Agents and Actuation Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These devices contain tilted side-wall protrusions [13,87,88] and bubble columns [84,85] that offer a more directional fluid transport for micro-pumping applications. Furthermore, frequency-selective vibration of these tilted structures enable bi-directional steering of target agents inside these channels [83,88]. Figure 6Different streaming-driven acoustic tweezers devices: ( a ) first generation streaming-driven devices that consists of microchannel workspace with symmetric air-filled side-wall cavities for micromanipulation of a C. Elegans worm.…”
Section: Passive Agents and Actuation Strategiesmentioning
Acoustic actuation techniques offer a promising tool for contactless manipulation of both synthetic and biological micro/nano agents that encompass different length scales. The traditional usage of sound waves has steadily progressed from mid-air manipulation of salt grains to sophisticated techniques that employ nanoparticle flow in microfluidic networks. State-of-the-art in microfabrication and instrumentation have further expanded the outreach of these actuation techniques to autonomous propulsion of micro-agents. In this review article, we provide a universal perspective of the known acoustic micromanipulation technologies in terms of their applications and governing physics. Hereby, we survey these technologies and classify them with regards to passive and active manipulation of agents. These manipulation methods account for both intelligent devices adept at dexterous non-contact handling of micro-agents, and acoustically induced mechanisms for self-propulsion of micro-robots. Moreover, owing to the clinical compliance of ultrasound, we provide future considerations of acoustic manipulation techniques to be fruitfully employed in biological applications that range from label-free drug testing to minimally invasive clinical interventions.
“…Moreover, it can handle aqueous and viscous solutions (Wu et al, 2019). Furthermore, Gao et al (2020), reported for the first time a micropump with the ability to pump fluids in different directions inside a microfluidic device. An interesting feature of this design is that the flow direction was precisely controlled in the device with the frequency and voltage applied to the actuator.…”
In recent years, controlled release of drugs has posed numerous challenges with the aim of optimizing parameters such as the release of the suitable quantity of drugs in the right site at the right time with the least invasiveness and the greatest possible automation. Some of the factors that challenge conventional drug release include longterm treatments, narrow therapeutic windows, complex dosing schedules, combined therapies, individual dosing regimens, and labile active substance administration. In this sense, the emergence of micro-devices that combine mechanical and electrical components, so called micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can offer solutions to these drawbacks. These devices can be fabricated using biocompatible materials, with great uniformity and reproducibility, similar to integrated circuits. They can be aseptically manufactured and hermetically sealed, while having mobile components that enable physical or analytical functions together with electrical components. In this review we present recent advances in the generation of MEMS drug delivery devices, in which various micro and nanometric structures such as contacts, connections, channels, reservoirs, pumps, valves, needles, and/or membranes can be included in their design and manufacture. Implantable single and multiple reservoir-based and transdermalbased MEMS devices are discussed in terms of fundamental mechanisms, fabrication, performance, and drug release applications.
“…Acoustic radiation forces have been conveniently used to manipulate single cells and organisms in various modes (Devendran et al 2014 ; Guo et al 2015 ; Ayan et al 2016 ; Sesen et al 2017 ), whereas acoustic streaming has been primarily applied in fluid manipulation in microfluidics (Phan et al 2016 ). Different mechanisms have been explored to generate acoustic streaming and fluid pumping including surface acoustic wave-based localized streaming (Wu et al 2019b ), trapped microbubble-based microstreaming (Tovar et al 2011 ; Gao et al 2020 ), and sharp edge-based acoustic streaming (Huang et al 2014 ; Nama et al 2014 ; Doinikov et al 2020 ). Even though acoustofluidic methods provide reliable, continuous and controllable microfluidic pumping, they require complex and expensive cleanroom fabrication steps which is a limiting factor for low-resource settings and widespread adoptability.…”
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