“…If we suppose to divide the cross section of the beam in a series of concentric thin rings, each ring generates an outgoing cylindrical shell of sound and each shell reaches the QTF prongs at different times. Thus, the duration T S of the resulted primary sound pulse at the QTF prong is T S = T H + r/ v s , where T H is the duration of the heat pulse ( in our experiments) and v s the sound speed ( ) [ 35 ]. The strongest harmonic component f max would be found at (T H +r/v s ) −1 .…”
Section: Comparison With Previous H
2
S Qepas Sensmentioning
“…If we suppose to divide the cross section of the beam in a series of concentric thin rings, each ring generates an outgoing cylindrical shell of sound and each shell reaches the QTF prongs at different times. Thus, the duration T S of the resulted primary sound pulse at the QTF prong is T S = T H + r/ v s , where T H is the duration of the heat pulse ( in our experiments) and v s the sound speed ( ) [ 35 ]. The strongest harmonic component f max would be found at (T H +r/v s ) −1 .…”
Section: Comparison With Previous H
2
S Qepas Sensmentioning
“…Taking a simplified two-level system as an example, the absorption of the laser power causes gas molecules to be transferred to the excited state, from where they return to the ground state by spontaneous emission and/or collisional relaxation. At low laser powers the molecules in their ground states can maintain this process and the ratio of excited molecules, N e , and the total molecules number densities, N, can be described as [25]:…”
Section: Laser Power Dependence Of Photoacoustic Signal and Analysis mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ground states can maintain this process and the ratio of excited molecules, Ne, and the total molecules number densities, N, can be described as [25]:…”
Section: Laser Power Dependence Of Photoacoustic Signal and Analysis mentioning
A nitrogen dioxide (NO2) photoacoustic sensor for environmental monitoring was developed using a low-cost high-power laser diode emitting at 450 nm. A compact low-noise photoacoustic detection module was designed to reduce the sensor size and to suppress noise. A LabVIEW-based control system was employed for the sensor. The parameters of the sensor were studied in detail in terms of laser power and operating pressure. The linearity of the sensor response with laser power and NO2 concentration confirms that saturation does not occur. At atmospheric pressure, a 3σ detection limit of 250 ppt (part per trillion by volume) was achieved with a 1-s averaging time, which corresponds to the specific detectivity of 3.173 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. A 72 h outdoor continuous on-line monitoring of environmental NO2 was implemented to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the developed NO2 sensor.
“…For a given excitation optical beam, the use of a PAC with high-Q factor is an effective way to increase the cell constant, since the photoacoustic signal is proportional to the cell constant. In general, the resonator Q-factor describes the energy losses during one period in the acoustic wave propagation [32,33]. For a longitudinal resonance, the contribution of the surface losses to Qfactor can be given as:…”
A ppb-level photoacoustic multicomponent gas sensor system for sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) decomposition detection was developed by the use of two near-infrared (NIR) diode lasers and an ultraviolet (UV) solid-state laser. A telecommunication fiber amplifier module was used to boost up the excitation optical power from the two NIR lasers. A dual-channel high-Q photoacoustic cell (PAC) was designed for the simultaneous detection of CO, H 2 S, and SO 2 in SF 6 buffer gas by means of a time division multiplexing (TDM) method. Feasibility and performance of the multicomponent sensor was evaluated, resulting in minimum detection limits of 435 ppbv, 89 ppbv, and 115 ppbv for CO, H 2 S, and SO 2 detection at atmospheric pressure.
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