Acoustic approaches to remote species identification: a review

Abstract

Noninvasive species identification remains a long‐term goal of fishers, researchers, and resource managers who use sound to locate, map, and count aquatic organisms. Since the first biological applications of underwater acoustics, four approaches have been used singly or in combination to survey marine and freshwater environments: passive sonar; prior knowledge and direct sampling; echo statistics from high‐frequency measures; and matching models to low‐frequency measures. Echo amplitudes or targets measured using any sonar equipment are variable signals. Variability in reflected sound is influenced by physical factors associated with the transmission of sound through a compressible fluid, and by biological factors associated with the location, reflective properties, and behaviour of a target. The current trend in acoustic target identification is to increase the amount of information collected through increases in frequency bandwidth or in the number of acoustic beams. Exclusive use of acoustics to identify aquatic organisms reliably will require a set of statistical metrics that discriminate among a wide range of similar body types at any packing density, and incorporation of these algorithms in routine data processing.

Identifying Sciaenid Critical Spawning Habitats by the Use of Passive Acoustics

“…Active acoustics is well established in fishery biology as a method using high-frequency echosounders (.10 kHz) to estimate abundance of the fishes and their habitat (MacLennan and Simmons 1992). One area that is still problematic for active acoustic approaches is remote species identification (Horne 2000); a solution is passive acoustic approaches, which can be used to identify species . Passive acoustics also has a long history in fish biology (Tower 1908;Burkenroad 1931;Fish and Mowbray 1970;Mok and Gilmore 1983;Luczkovich et al 1999Luczkovich et al , 2000 but is not widely used by fishery biologists.…”

Clasificacion acustica de anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) y sardina comun (Strangomera bentincki) mediante maquinas de vectores soporte en la zona centro sur de Chile: efecto de la calibracion de los parametros en la matriz de confusion

“…Algunos autores han utilizado diferentes técnicas con resultados favorables para la identificación automática de cardúmenes monoespecíficos (Horne, 2000;Fernandes et al, 2006), utilizando información de tamaño, localización y eco-intensidad de los cardúmenes de peces. Sin embargo, el problema persiste cuando se presentan cardúmenes multiespecíficos (Fernandes, 2009).…”

Target Strength for Fish Identification Using Echo Sounder

“…As inheritance of hydro acoustic, fisheries acoustic has also two major divisions: active and passive one. Refer to Horne (2000) active acoustic includes subjects such as echo sounder and sonar, where pulses of sound are transmitted into the water and reflect off objects such as fish, submarines, or seabed.…”

“…Horne (2003) also identified that the ratio of acoustic wavelength to fish length had influence to acoustic backscattering. Moreover, Horne (2000) divide the factors affecting acoustic backscattering into physical factors such associated with the transmission of sound through a compressible fluid, and the biological factors associated with the location, reflective properties, and behavior of the target. Furthermore, Foote (1990a) and Ona (1990) defined that the biological factors composed of behavioral, morphological, ontogenetic, and physiological factors.…”