Acorn Isotopic Composition: A New Promising Tool for Authenticity Maps of Montado’s High-Value Food Products

Alegria, Carla; Antunes, Cristina; Giovanetti, Manuela; Abreu, Marta; Máguas, Cristina

doi:10.3390/molecules25071535

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular nitrogen is homogeneous and δ 15 N in the atmosphere is 0‰ [43]. A similar δ 15 N abundance (0.7‰ ± 0.1‰ to 0.9‰ ± 0.2‰) in the forest soils of Mediterranean cork oak, holm oak, and randomly mixed Montados was recorded in the Portuguese Alentejo region [44]. Tomatoes (''St.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Isotopic Signatures of Nitrogen in Selected Soils from Croatia

Perčin,

Šestak,

Dugan

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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The mobility of nitrogen (N) in the environment is conditioned by its cycling between atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. It is a key element for global biogeochemistry, and although isotope analysis has been an integral part of many studies over the past eighty years, the complexity of the nitrogen cycle hinders a correct and detailed understanding of the mechanisms behind its processes. It could be argued that the interpretation of the isotopic signatures of nitrogen in soils is still in its infancy. In Croatia, such research has recently begun and is driven by a need for the comprehensive study of nitrogen isotopes in terrestrial ecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare the abundance of the 15N isotope in soils from continental and coastal parts of Croatia with different types of land use (arable land/crop production, meadows, forests, orchards, ski slopes, urban soil/city roads) and to authenticate the nitrogen origin in soils in relation to different soil management practices. This research was based on 27 soil samples collected at 11 locations in Croatia. The samples differed according to soil type, land use, applied mineral and organic nitrogen fertilization, and climatic condition at each specific location. The determination of δ15NT (T—total nitrogen) values in bulk samples was performed in duplicate with the IRMS (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) method using an IsoPrime100-Vario PYRO Cube (OH/CHN Pyrolyser/Elemental Analyzer). The results reveal that the mean δ15N abundance in soils according to different land use declines in the following order: crop production (+5.66 ± 1.06‰) > apple orchard (+5.60 ± 0.10‰) > city road (+4.33 ± 0.38‰) > meadow (+3.71 ± 0.85‰) > ski slope (+2.20 ± 0.10‰) > forest (+2.15 ± 1.86‰). The individual values were in the range from 0.00 ± 0.10‰ in the forest soil in continental Croatia to +7.19 ± 0.07‰ in the vegetable garden (crop production) soil in coastal Croatia. Among the investigated soil properties and weather conditions, PCA analysis identified close correlations between P2O5 content and δ115N abundance in arable soils, as well as between soil reaction (pH) and mean annual temperatures, while high C/N ratio values explained the isotopic distribution in non-arable soils (city roads and forests). Despite the long-term application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers, the results represent nitrogen of organic origin in the arable soils (crop production), which partly confirms the sustainable management of those agroecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Isotopic Signatures of Nitrogen in Selected Soils from Croatia

Perčin,

Šestak,

Dugan

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…Although predictions based on modeled δ 18 O values alone are clearly not accurate enough to define the exact growth region, they are a marked improvement and complement to using a reference sample-based approach. When combined with other techniques, such as stable isotope analyses of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, or sulfur, which also show distinct geographical patterns depending on underlying bedrock/mineralogy or agricultural practice and have routinely been used in origin determination 11 , 56 , and together with other authentication methods like e.g. proteomics or trace element analysis 10 , the possible regions of origin may be even further constrained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using plant physiological stable oxygen isotope models to counter food fraud

Cueni

Nelson

Boner³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Fraudulent food products, especially regarding false claims of geographic origin, impose economic damages of $30–$40 billion per year. Stable isotope methods, using oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in particular, are the leading forensic tools for identifying these crimes. Plant physiological stable oxygen isotope models simulate how precipitation δ18O values and climatic variables shape the δ18O values of water and organic compounds in plants. These models have the potential to simplify, speed up, and improve conventional stable isotope applications and produce temporally resolved, accurate, and precise region-of-origin assignments for agricultural food products. However, the validation of these models and thus the best choice of model parameters and input variables have limited the application of the models for the origin identification of food. In our study we test model predictions against a unique 11-year European strawberry δ18O reference dataset to evaluate how choices of input variable sources and model parameterization impact the prediction skill of the model. Our results show that modifying leaf-based model parameters specifically for fruit and with product-independent, but growth time specific environmental input data, plant physiological isotope models offer a new and dynamic method that can accurately predict the geographic origin of a plant product and can advance the field of stable isotope analysis to counter food fraud.

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“…They are edible and exhibit a bitter taste because of tannins, which are plant poly phenolic compounds. Recently, acorns have been gaining attention as a cost-effective and sustainable food resource [13][14][15]. Lithocarpus edulis is a fast-growing and durable tree that does not require heavy maintenance and is resistant to sea breezes, diseases, and desiccation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Ethanol Production from Xylan and Acorn Using the Starch-Fermenting Basidiomycete Fungus Phlebia acerina

et al. 2021

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During our search for ethanol-producing basidiomycete fungi for a wide range of substrates, we isolated Phlebia acerina, which is a white rot basidiomycete fungus. It favorably converted starch into ethanol with approximately 70% yield. Although the yield decreased as the starch concentration increased, growth and fermentation were observed even at 200 g/L of starch. P. acerina produced ethanol from glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, cellobiose, and maltose with 93%, 91%, 86%, 72%, 92%, and 68% yields, respectively. Additionally, P. acerina, which secreted xylanase and xylosidase, was capable of assimilating xylan and directly converting it to ethanol with a yield of 63%. Furthermore, P. acerina produced ethanol directly from acorns, which are plant fruits containing starch and tannins, with a yield of 70%. Tannin delayed mycelia growth, thus prolonging ethanol production; however, this did not particularly affect the yield. These results were similar to those of fermentation in a medium with the same amounts of starch and tannin as the target crop acorn, thus suggesting that P. acerina could successfully produce environmentally friendly ethanol from starch-containing lignocellulosic biomass, unlike previously reported ethanol-producing basidiomycete fungi.

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Acorn Isotopic Composition: A New Promising Tool for Authenticity Maps of Montado’s High-Value Food Products

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Isotopic Signatures of Nitrogen in Selected Soils from Croatia

Isotopic Signatures of Nitrogen in Selected Soils from Croatia

Using plant physiological stable oxygen isotope models to counter food fraud

Direct Ethanol Production from Xylan and Acorn Using the Starch-Fermenting Basidiomycete Fungus Phlebia acerina

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