Acne, dairy and cancer

Danby, F. William

doi:10.4161/derm.1.1.7124

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In boys, the strongest association has been found between intake of skim milk and acne (74). Thus, it is conceivable that not the lipophilic androgenic steroids enriched in milk fat (75), but more likely the hydrophilic protein fraction in cow's milk, which increases insulin ⁄ IGF-1 signalling, might have a stronger influence on the milk-induced aggravation of acne.…”

Section: Association Between Milk Consumption and Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

Melnik

Schmitz

2009

Experimental Dermatology

201

175

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It is the purpose of this viewpoint article to delineate the regulatory network of growth hormone (GH), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signalling during puberty, associated hormonal changes in adrenal and gonadal androgen metabolism, and the impact of dietary factors and smoking involved in the pathogenesis of acne. The key regulator IGF-1 rises during puberty by the action of increased GH secretion and correlates well with the clinical course of acne. In acne patients, associations between serum levels of IGF-1, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, dihydrotestosterone, acne lesion counts and facial sebum secretion rate have been reported. IGF-1 stimulates 5a-reductase, adrenal and gonadal androgen synthesis, androgen receptor signal transduction, sebocyte proliferation and lipogenesis. Milk consumption results in a significant increase in insulin and IGF-1 serum levels comparable with high glycaemic food. Insulin induces hepatic IGF-1 secretion, and both hormones amplify the stimulatory effect of GH on sebocytes and augment mitogenic downstream signalling pathways of insulin receptors, IGF-1 receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor2b. Acne is proposed to be an IGF-1-mediated disease, modified by diets and smoking increasing insulin ⁄ IGF1-signalling. Metformin treatment, and diets low in milk protein content and glycaemic index reduce increased IGF-1 signalling. Persistent acne in adulthood with high IGF-1 levels may be considered as an indicator for increased risk of cancer, which may require appropriate dietary intervention as well as treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents.Key words: acne -hyperglycaemic food -IGF-1 -insulinmetformin -milk -smoking Please cite this paper as: Role of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.

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Section: Association Between Milk Consumption and Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

Melnik

Schmitz

2009

Experimental Dermatology

201

175

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“…Remarkably, AR is a direct negatively regulated target of p53 [ 150 , 151 ]. Due to persistent pregnancy of dairy cows, commercial milk contains increased amounts of androgen-precursors recently related to pathogenesis of Av [ 152 ]. Milk-derived androgens as well as milk-derived miRNAs suppressing p53 may both enhance AR-dependent signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk disrupts p53 and DNMT1, the guardians of the genome: implications for acne vulgaris and prostate cancer

Melnik

2017

Nutr Metab (Lond)

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There is accumulating evidence that milk shapes the postnatal metabolic environment of the newborn infant. Based on translational research, this perspective article provides a novel mechanistic link between milk intake and milk miRNA-regulated gene expression of the transcription factor p53 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), two guardians of the human genome, that control transcriptional activity, cell survival, and apoptosis. Major miRNAs of milk, especially miRNA-125b, directly target TP53 and complex p53-dependent gene regulatory networks. TP53 regulates the expression of key genes involved in cell homeostasis such as FOXO1, PTEN, SESN1, SESN2, AR, IGF1R, BAK1, BIRC5, and TNFSF10. Nuclear interaction of p53 with DNMT1 controls gene silencing. The most abundant miRNA of milk and milk fat, miRNA-148a, directly targets DNMT1. Reduced DNMT1 expression further attenuates the activity of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and access to transcription. The presented milk-mediated miRNA-p53-DNMT1 pathway exemplified at the promoter regulation of survivin (BIRC5) provides a novel explanation for the epidemiological association between milk consumption and acne vulgaris and prostate cancer. Notably, p53- and DNMT1-targeting miRNAs of bovine and human milk survive pasteurization and share identical seed sequences, which theoretically allows the interaction of bovine miRNAs with the human genome. Persistent intake of milk-derived miRNAs that attenuate p53- and DNMT1 signaling of the human milk consumer may thus present an overlooked risk factor promoting acne vulgaris, prostate cancer, and other p53/DNMT1-related Western diseases. Therefore, bioactive miRNAs of commercial milk should be eliminated from the human food chain.

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“…7 Since that review was published in 2004, many articles and commentaries have been published on the debate. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Before continuing with the review of the publications of the last five years, it is appropriate to quote the conclusions of that review, as in my opinion there is no better way to express agreement and appreciation:…”

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confidence: 99%

The relationship of diet and acne

Pappas

2009

Dermato-Endocrinology

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Acne, dairy and cancer

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Role of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

Role of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

Milk disrupts p53 and DNMT1, the guardians of the genome: implications for acne vulgaris and prostate cancer

The relationship of diet and acne

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