ACL Research Retreat VII: An Update on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factor Identification, Screening, and Prevention

Shultz, Sandra J.; Schmitz, Randy J.; Benjaminse, Anne; Collins, Malcolm; Ford, Kevin R.; Kulas, Anthony S.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.10.06

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 307 publications

(253 reference statements)

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“…The prevention of knee injuries in females is a well-known priority for all sports where jumping, landing, cutting and rapid change of direction is required 22. Because of the relatively serious outcomes associated with ACL injury, which often requires surgery and time off sport, these injuries have been extensively researched in team ball sports particularly in relation to gender-based risk factors including anatomical and biomechanical differences 23. While incidence rates of knee injury vary by sport, they are consistently higher in females than males 24–26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources

Fortington

Finch

2016

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Background/aimParticipation in Australian football (AF) has traditionally been male dominated and current understanding of injury and priorities for prevention are based solely on reports of injuries in male players. There is evidence in other sports that indicates that injury types differ between males and females. With increasing participation in AF by females, it is important to consider their specific injury and prevention needs. This study aimed to provide a first injury profile from existing sources for female AF.MethodsCompilation of injury data from four prospectively recorded data sets relating to female AF: (1) hospital admissions in Victoria, 2008/09–13/14, n=500 injuries; (2) emergency department (ED) presentations in Victoria, 2008/09–2012/13, n=1,879 injuries; (3) insurance claims across Australia 2004–2013, n=522 injuries; (4) West Australian Women's Football League (WAWFL), 2014 season club data, n=49 injuries. Descriptive results are presented as injury frequencies, injury types and injury to body parts.ResultsHospital admissions and ED presentations were dominated by upper limb injuries, representing 47% and 51% of all injuries, respectively, primarily to the wrist/hand at 32% and 40%. Most (65%) insurance claim injuries involved the lower limb, 27% of which were for knee ligament damage. A high proportion of concussions (33%) were reported in the club-collected data.ConclusionsThe results provide the first compilation of existing data sets of women's AF injuries and highlight the need for a rigorous and systematic injury surveillance system to be instituted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources

Fortington

Finch

2016

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…Noncontact ACL injury is a multifaceted event influenced by anatomical, neuromuscular, biomechanical, genetic, hormonal, and other risk factors. At the time of this publication, it remains unclear in the literature if female athletes are at increased risk of ACL injury because they are more likely to have the underlying risk factors, or if the risk factors are different in men and women, resulting in sex-specific injury mechanisms [4].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3 injuries identified for review have some key overlapping features including risk factors. For example, altered landing mechanics and dynamic alignment are risk factors common to both ACL injury and BSI and are also treatment targets [2‐4]. History of concussion has been associated with increased risk of lower limb injuries including ACL injury [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3 injuries identified for review have some key overlapping features including risk factors. For example, altered landing mechanics and dynamic alignment are risk factors common to both ACL injury and BSI and are also treatment targets [2][3][4]. PM R 10 (2018) [1073][1074][1075][1076][1077][1078][1079][1080][1081][1082] www.pmrjournal.org…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries

Lin

Casey

Herman

et al. 2018

PM&R

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Common sports injuries include bone stress injuries (BSIs), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and concussions. Less commonly recognized are the specific sex differences in epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of these conditions by sex. An understanding of these factors can improve their clinical management, from prescribing appropriate prehabilitation to guiding postinjury rehabilitation and return to play. This narrative review summarizes the sex differences in the diagnosis and management of BSIs, ACL injuries, and concussions. Although BSIs are more common in female athletes, risk factors for both sexes include prior injury and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Risk factors in female athletes include smaller calf girth, femoral adduction, and higher rates of loading. Female athletes are also at greater risk for developing ACL injuries in high school and college, but their injury rate is similar in professional sports. Increased lateral tibial slope, smaller ACL size, and suboptimal landing mechanics are additional risk factors more often present in female athletes. Male athletes are more likely to have ACL surgery and have a higher rate of return to sport. Concussions occur more commonly in female athletes; however, female athletes are also more likely to report concussions. Male athletes more commonly sustain concussion through contact with another player. Female athletes more commonly sustain injury from contact with playing equipment. Managing post-concussion symptoms is important, and female athletes may have prolonged symptoms. An understanding of the sex-specific differences in these common sports injuries can help optimize their prehabilitation and rehabilitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

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“…Despite the multifactorial nature of ACL injury, most studies have examined isolated risk factors [179,195]. Many articles of proposed risk factors for ACL are narrative reviews [1,88,89,203], systematic reviews [5,19,92,196,197,221] or current concepts statement [180,195] that include case-control studies [38,82,91,110,123,139,144,174,204] in addition to prospectively designed studies [90,95,117,149,159,160,164,165,199,216,218,219,241,242] (Table 1). To definitively establish risk factors for ACL injury, high quality prospective studies are needed.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Aetiology Of A Primary Acl Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

One Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury is enough!: Focus on female football players

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ACL Research Retreat VII: An Update on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factor Identification, Screening, and Prevention

Cited by 81 publications

References 307 publications

Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources

Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources

Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries

One Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury is enough!: Focus on female football players

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