Acidity and Dental Erosion from Apple- and Grape-Juice (An in vitro and in vivo Report)

Abstract

Introduction: Dental erosion from acid drinks is known; in vitro with in vivo evidence that apple and grape juices cause erosion is rare. Aim: i) To test acidity (pH and buffering capacity) in vitro; ii) And assess if these juices leach calcium from teeth in vivo. Methodology: First: Six commercially available potable apple and grape juices were measured (six times each drink) for pH and buffering using 0.5 Molar NaOH with a Mettler DL 25 Automatic Titrator. The apple and grape juices were measured separately, using a 50 mL bolus for measures, 6 times for each. Second: Two volunteer cohorts; (One fully dentate WITH TEETH (mean age 20, M:F 6:6, n = 12) the second edentulous WITHOUT TEETH (mean age 61, M:F 6:6, n = 12), were used to swish with 50 mL aliquots of Apple and/or Grape juices for 30 seconds. Each sample was analyzed six times with Inductively Coupled Plasma with Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for Calcium, and Phosphorous. Juices from source were analyzed for Calcium, and Phosphorous, and post-swish expectorate samples were analyzed for Calcium and Phosphorous. Data were analyzed 'blind' by technicians unaware of the source of procured samples. Results: Analysis reveals apple and grape juices have pH below 5.5. Statistics consistently show significant (p < 0.01 Student-t paired data) increases in Calcium and Phosphorous leeched from dentate (WITH TEETH) subjects after swishing with apple and grape juices tested. Results provide strong evidence that rinsing with Apple or Grape juices will erode teeth. Grape is more erosive than apple juice. Conclusion: Apple and grape juices have acidity below critical pH 5.5; Both have strong buffering capacities and will decalcify teeth by erosion, when exposed to these drinks in diets.

Erosive potential of vitamin waters, herbal drinks, carbonated soft drinks, and fruit juices on human teeth: An in vitro investigation

“…The findings are consistent with previous studies that found high acidity of carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices and reported that prolonged exposure to these drinks leads to the dissolution and loss of dental hard tissues. 20,35,38 Additionally, a few studies have reported that most commercially available vitamin water products are acidic, 17,26,27 similar to our results, which identified the tested vitamin waters and herbal beverages as acidic.…”

“…30,31 Also, some of the fruits or herbs that were the main ingredients, such as tangerine, pineapple, tomato, apple, and roselle, are acidic in nature. [32][33][34][35][36] Finally, most vitamin waters contain vitamin C or ascorbic acid, which is acidic. 37 This study assessed dental erosion using the gravimetric method, which analyzed the weight loss percentage of dental hard tissues.…”

Physicochemical Characteristics, Vitamin C, Total Polyphenols, Antioxidant Capacity, and Sensory Preference of Mixed Juices Prepared with Rose Fruits (Rosa rugosa) and Apple or Strawberry

“…In the research conducted by Villa et al [32], it can be seen that both pH and other qualitative factors depend on the type of raw material and its variety and therefore the results may differ significantly for one species. The pH of the strawberry, apple, and rose juices were similar to those reported by other authors [33][34][35][36].…”

Яблочный Сок — Натуральный Источник Молодости И Долголетия

“…Иногда употребление фруктовых соков, в частности, яблочного, может спровоцировать возникновение неспецифической диареи у младенцев. [25] При обнаружении подозрительных симптомов необходимо незамедлительно прекратить ввод нового продукта и обратиться за консультацией к педиатру.…”