Acidic Lipids Associated with the Local Mechanism of Calcification

Vogel, James J.; Boyan-Salyers, B.

doi:10.1097/00003086-197607000-00040

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, our results indicate that biomineralization, like that attributed to the growth of nanobacteria in DMEM (6), can be triggered by biological macromolecules including phospholipids as described (14,25,26) and can be continued on dilution to fresh medium by apatite itself. These observations favor an alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization (6) but do not diminish the importance of further efforts to define the underlying basis of pathological extraskeletal calcification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Rather than affecting the viability or presence of nanobacteria, ionizing radiation (21) and membrane filtration may instead damage or remove nonliving macromolecular nucleators of biomineralization, for example, phospholipid complexes in serum (22) or lipid-protein complexes in saliva (23,24). The nucleating activity of phospholipids (25,26) was previously demonstrated by the formation of calcified spherules with diameters of approximately 0.2 m from the interaction of phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylserine with calcium and phosphate ions in a nonpolar environment (14). After incubation of phosphatidylinositol in DMEM for approximately 2 weeks, we also observed small, mineralized particles (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization

Cisar

Thompson

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

210

198

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The reported isolation of nanobacteria from human kidney stones raises the intriguing possibility that these microorganisms are etiological agents of pathological extraskeletal calcification [Kajander, E. O. & Ç iftçioglu, N. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 8274 -8279]. Nanobacteria were previously isolated from FBS after prolonged incubation in DMEM. These bacteria initiated biomineralization of the culture medium and were identified in calcified particles and biofilms by nucleic acid stains, 16S rDNA sequencing, electron microscopy, and the demonstration of a transferable biomineralization activity. We have now identified putative nanobacteria, not only from FBS, but also from human saliva and dental plaque after the incubation of 0.45-m membrane-filtered samples in DMEM. Although biomineralization in our ''cultures'' was transferable to fresh DMEM, molecular examination of decalcified biofilms failed to detect nucleic acid or protein that would be expected from growth of a living entity. In addition, biomineralization was not inhibited by sodium azide. Furthermore, the 16S rDNA sequences previously ascribed to Nanobacterium sanguineum and Nanobacterium sp. were found to be indistinguishable from those of an environmental microorganism, Phyllobacterium mysinacearum, that has been previously detected as a contaminant in PCR. Thus, these data do not provide plausible support for the existence of a previously undiscovered bacterial genus. Instead, we provide evidence that biomineralization previously attributed to nanobacteria may be initiated by nonliving macromolecules and transferred on ''subculture'' by self-propagating microcrystalline apatite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization

Cisar

Thompson

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

210

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…8). Further work will be required to gain a clo- Liposome-like structures in predentin may play roles as ion carriers, providing amphiphilic spaces where calcium and phosphate ions can be transported and accumulate with subsequent precipitation as initial nuclei at the surface or within the gap region of collagen fibers (Vogel and Boyan-Salyers, 1976). This role is potentially the same as that which has been ascribed to phosphoproteins in enamel (Glimcher, 1979).…”

Section: (D) Proteoglycans In Mineralization-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

Embery

Hall

Waddington

et al. 2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

169

158

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The predominant proteoglycans present in predentin and dentin are the chondroitin-sulphate-rich decorin and biglycan and the keratan-sulphate-rich lumican and fibromodulin. These are small, interstitial, leucine-rich proteoglycans which have recently been shown to exist in gradients across the predentin. Antibodies recognizing chondroitin sulphate show a decreasing gradient from the pulpal aspect toward the mineralizing front, the converse being true for keratan sulphate. Antidecorin shows an increase toward the mineralization front. Evidence from biochemical, autoradiographic, and immunohistochemical studies implies that such changes may be brought about by gradients of metalloproteinases. This offers the possibility that the proteoglycans organize the collagen network for receipt of phosphoproteins and phospholipids, the former being evident only at the onset of dentin formation. The suggestion is raised that glycosaminoglycan-depleted leucine-rich protein cores act as sequester points for receipt of phosphoproteins in particular. The rigid, spatially oriented glycosaminoglycan chains on decorin and biglycan are known to bind calcium and may feature directly in mineral initiation.Key words. Dentinogenesis, proteoglycans, phosphoconjugates, metalloproteinases, mineralization.(I) Introduction Jn recent years, there has been a wealth of new information on the group of non-collagenous glycoconjugates present in the extracellular matrix of most connective tissues, termed proteoglycans (PGs). These molecules are deemed to play structural and metabolic functional roles in both the soft and mineralized tissues of the body and are present in a wide variety of non-vertebrate and vertebrate species.Their presence in mineralized tissues, such as bone, has been evident for some time. Although the presence of PGs in predentin and, to a lesser extent, in dentin is well-established, it is only with the advent of contemporary biochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that their speciation, ultrastructural distribution, and possible biological roles in dentinogenesis are beginning to be elucidated.Within the last decade, there have been few reviews specifically addressing the function of PGs in relation to dentinogenesis. Research in this field has borrowed much of its knowledge from connective tissues in general, particularly the work on the aggregating PGs, such as aggrecan, present in cartilage. It The aspect of gradient distribution will be described in detail later and is of major significance, since it offers a functionality for such molecules during the structural transition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of predentin, leading to the correct spatial assembly of the collagenous-non-coliagenous scaffold as a prelude for mineral deposition. For this reason, the review wili also deal with recent work on the potential of metalioproteinases (MMPs) to bring about such transition and the presence of phosphoprotein in dentin specifically hnked to mineralization. The absence of phosphoprotein from predentin an...

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“…Since phosphatidylserine (PS) is localized on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and has been implicated in apatite nucléation [52], an incubation of liposomes made of PS and red cell ghosts of inbred rats were incu bated in tissue culture media with total cal cium and phosphate adjusted to 2.5 and 1.2 mmol/1, autologous rat serum, and in millipore chambers implanted in homologous rat peritoneal cavities. Calcification of liposomes and red cell ghosts occurred in every experi ment, whereas collagen and aortic elastin iso lated from same rats did not calcify ( fig.…”

Section: Role Of Membranes In Pathological Calcificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of their high affinity for calcium, the possible role of acidic phospholipids, es pecially PS, in calcification has long been sus pected [12,52], The affinity is also dependent upon pH, sodium and magnesium concentra tions, and the size of liposomal vesicles; smaller vesicles have a higher affinity for cal cium [53], Calcium also elicits separation of acidic and neutral phospholipids. Hauser et al [54] demonstrated that the phosphate group of the PS is responsible for the forma tion of the Ca-PS complex.…”

Section: Role Of Membranes In Pathological Calcificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Membranes in Calcification

Kim¹

1983

Pathol Immunopathol Res

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Acidic Lipids Associated with the Local Mechanism of Calcification

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

An alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization

An alternative interpretation of nanobacteria-induced biomineralization

Proteoglycans in Dentinogenesis

Role of Membranes in Calcification

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