Acidentes por queda de laje na infância registrados no Hospital Estadual do Grajaú em 2005

Abstract

Os acidentes têm aumentado as taxas de morbimortalidade infantil, tornando-se importante problema de saúde pública. Pouco precisos, os dados epidemiológicos dificultam o direcionamento das medidas preventivas. A finalidade deste estudo é determinar a freqüência dos acidentes por queda de laje em menores de 13 anos internados no Hospital Estadual doGrajaú em 2005, e propor ações preventivas na região. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo, avaliando-se os atendimentos infantis por trauma, em especial as quedas de laje, que corresponderam a aproximadamente 9% do total de quedas, excluindo-se aquelas com traumatismo crânio encefálico grave. Cerca de 13% dos casos de queda internados foram por quedas de laje, o que é significativo pela possibilidade de prevenção. Esses acidentes ocorreram principalmente em finais de semana e férias, sendo os escolares os mais envolvidos. A maioria (78%) era do sexo masculino pela grande exposição à atividades de risco. As baixas condições sócio-econômicas, refletindo na construção das moradias e no cuidado com as crianças, podem ter influenciado nos acidentes. Programas de prevenção baseados na educação devem ser adotados, conscientizando a comunidade da importância de alterações no comportamento e na área física das moradias, para se evitar tais ocorrências.

Accidents due to falls from roof slabs

“…This finding is consistent with studies in the literature, which have indicated that boys form a group that is more susceptible to this kind of fall, just as they are in relation to other types of falls and accidents in general during childhood. 1,[4][5][6][8][9][10]12,13,[16][17][18][19] There are many explanations for the higher frequency with which males are involved in accidents, especially when they are children and adolescents. According to Filocomo et al and Spider et al, boys are exposed to activities that are more dynamic and achieve sociocultural freedom earlier than girls do, 6,13 which might be a reason for greater involvement, although today there is greater stimulus towards exposure of girls to active recreational activities and sports.…”

“…Percentage distribution of monthly frequencies of cases of falls from roof slabs over the study period relationship between falls from roof slabs and serious injuries. 7,13,16,18 Campos et al 7 found that falls from concrete roof slabs were the main mechanism for spinal cord injuries among people under the age of 20 years, as well as the main mechanism for trauma affecting the cervical spine at any age. Gonçalves et al 16 also presented data that placed this type of fall as the primary cause of spinal cord injuries, representing 25% of all causes.…”

“…4,11,12 In Brazil, in metropolitan areas like São Paulo, a peculiar kind of fall from height exists: falls from the concrete slabs that form the roofs of houses. 1,4,7,13 This phenomenon is due to the presence of numerous shantytowns, which in the city of São Paulo have come to account for 7% of total urban settlements. 14 Shantytowns are forms of urban settlement used by the low-income population, in which dwellings are built so crowded together that they barely offer space for recreation, either inside or outside the home.…”

“…1,4,7,12,13 This applied especially to the age group of children and adolescents, because these individuals are more exposed to this type of trauma. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of studies characterizing this type of accident and promoting measures to prevent these falls.…”

Survey of Slum Housing Characteristics Using Drones: An Experiment in the Alto das Pombas Community, Salvador de Bahia/Brazil

“…Between the years 2000 and 2006, Campos et al (2008) observed that >60% of spinal trauma admitted to Heliópolis Hospital, located near the second-largest slum in São Paulo, was due to unintentional falls, with falls from slabs accounting for almost one-third of these cases. Aranha et al (2007) pointed out that in the hospital of the most populous district of the city of São Paulo, of the total hospital admissions for fall accidents in children under 13 years of age, falls from slabs accounted for almost 10%, which are more common on weekends when children spend more time at home. In another study conducted in the second-largest slum in São Paulo, Waksman et al (2014) showed that of the total number of fall accidents among children up to 15 years of age, 55% were from families with more than six people living in dwellings with up to three rooms.…”