Acidentes botrópicos de interesse em animais domésticos

Abstract

Apresentam-se, neste artigo de revisão, informações sobre os acidentes botrópicos em animais domésticos. Descrevem-se as principais espécies do gênero Bothrops, a sensibilidade dos animais ao veneno, a patogenia, os sinais clínicos, as seqüelas e complicações, os achados laboratoriais e de necropsia, bem como, o diagnóstico, tratamento e reações à soroterapia.

Management of venomous snakebites in dogs and cats in Brazil

“…About 90% to 95% of venom dry weight consists of protein, and some protein fractions are biologically more important than the non-protein ones, with specific chemical and biological activities (34,42,73).…”

“…Bothrops envenomings may be followed by shock, with or without a defined cause. It presents hypovolemia due to blood or plasma loss in the edematous limb; thus activation of hypotensive substances, pulmonary edema, and disseminated intravascular coagulation may occur (9,12,22,33,34).…”

“…Severity of the envenoming depends on several factors: snake genus and species, bitten animal species, animal size, time until treatment, volume injected, bite site, and symptom intensity (18,34).…”

“…They may feed on small amphibians, rodents, and birds. Adult snakes are from 0.4 to 2.0 meters in length, and can be found throughout the country (28,31,(33)(34)(35)38,52,57,70). Crotalus snakes are viviparous and show a rattle on the tail, mobile fangs, and loreal pit.…”

“…Except for the strike, these snakes are slow moving, not very aggressive, and feed on rodents. In Brazil, there is only one species with six subspecies (Table 1), of about 1.20 meters in length (28,31,(33)(34)(35)38,52,57,70). In Brazil, 80% to 90% of the envenomings are caused by Bothrops snakes; 8% to 20% by Crotalus snakes (9,10,13,15,16,21,25,30,33,36,56,63,68).…”