Acid volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in the sediment cores of the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Abstract

The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), total metals, and chemical partitioning in the sediment cores of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were studied. The concentrations of total metals, AVS, and SEM in the sediment cores were generally low in the river outlet area, increased along the seaward direction, and decreased again at the seaward boundary of the estuary. The amounts of AVS were generally greater in deeper sediments than in surface sediments. SEM/AVS was 41 in the surface sediments and in the river outlet cores. The ratio was o1 in the sediments down the profiles, suggesting that AVS might play a major role in binding heavy metals in the deep sediments of the PRE. The SEM may contain different chemical forms of trace metals in the sediments, depending on the metal reaction with 1 M cold HCl in the AVS procedure compared with the results of the sequential chemical extraction. The SEM/AVS ratio prediction may overestimate trace metal availability even in the sediments with high AVS concentrations. r 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of sediment quality based on acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in heavily industrialized area of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf: concentrations, spatial distributions, and sediment bioavailability/toxicity

“…Compared with coastal areas of the other regions, the AVS concentrations in this study were wider than those recorded in Laizhou Bay ), Shen'ao Bay (Du et al 2011), Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian (Jingchun et al 2010), Pearl River Estuary (Fang et al 2005), Jinzhou Bay (Hansen et al 1996), Futian mangrove, Shenzhen Bay (Chai et al 2015), Huanghe Estuary (Wu et al 2007), north area of the Bohai Bay (Jiang et al 2005), Yangze River Estuary (Sun et al 2009), Mudflat, Zhangjiang Estuary (Jingchun et al 2010), Zhangjiang Estuary (Jingchun et al 2010), and southern East China Sea continental slope (Lin et al 2002). All of these studies did not perform in industrial and high-polluted areas; hence, it is expected to have lower concentration levels of AVS compared with this study that was conducted in heavily industrialized area.…”

“…Younis et al studied the lagoon Maryut that suffers from almost all possible environmental problems and to quite an extreme degree from various sources, industrial and urban untreated sewage (Qalaa and Umum drains). The findings of SEM were higher than the corresponding values for the sediments in Leizhou Peninsula (Li et al 2014a, b, c), Zhangzi Island, southwestern coastal Laizhou Bay and Laizhou Bay , Shen'ao Bay (Du et al 2011), Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian (Jingchun et al 2010), Pearl River Estuary (Fang et al 2005), Jinzhou Bay (Hansen et al 1996), Futian mangrove, Shenzhen Bay (Chai et al 2015), Huanghe Estuary (Wu et al 2007), north area of the Bohai Bay (Wu et al 2007), Yangze River Estuary (Sun et al 2009), Mudflat, Zhangjiang Estuary (Jingchun et al 2010), Forest edge (Jingchun et al 2010), Zhangjiang Estuary (Jingchun et al 2010), Forest, Zhangjiang Estuary (Jingchun et al 2010), southern East China Sea continental slope , and Jiaozhou Bay (Huo et al 2001), all in China. The results in the present study were also higher than those recorded in the south coast of São Paulo in Brazil (Nizoli and Luiz-Silva 2012), Douro Estuary in Portugal (Mucha et al 2005), Guadalete River Estuary in Spain (Campana et al 2005), and lagoons (Burullus and Manzalah) in Egypt (Younis et al 2014).…”

“…TOC content had an increased pattern from autumn to spring; thus, TOC probably was a main limitation factor for the formation of AVS in autumn. Some other researches also revealed that AVS concentrations were not necessarily significantly correlated with TOC content (Fang et al 2005;Liu et al 2007). The higher AVS concentrations were found at stations IST5 and IST7 (autumn and spring), IST8 (spring), and UST16 and UST20 (autumn and spring) (Fig.…”

“…Acid-volatile sulfide is operationally procedure that is utilized to extract AVS, may meantime attack organic matter and Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides to a lower degree (Yu et al 2001). Thus, the extracted SEM may also contain Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide and organic matter-bound metals (Fang et al 2005;Yu et al 2001). Therefore, the SEM distribution may have different pattern from that of AVS, and the remarkable difference found might show the different metal partitioning in the sediments.…”

Assessment of heavy metal impact on sediment quality of the Xiaoqinghe estuary in the coastal Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea: Inconsistency between two commonly used criteria

“…The concentrations of all the studied metals and AVS were not necessarily significantly correlated with TOC and pH; only the concentration of Cd and [SEM] Pb were significantly correlated with silt and sand (Table 3). These facts suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals and AVS in sediments cannot be simply interpreted by the changes in grain size, pH and TOC concentrations (Fang et al, 2005;Ip et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2007).…”