Acid-Susceptibility of Lesions in Bovine Enamel after Remineralization in the Presence of Fluoride and/or Carbonate

Lammers, P.C.; Borggreven, J.M.P.M.; Driessens, F. C. M.; Hof, M.A. van ‘t

doi:10.1159/000261417

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lamination observed in the lesions which remineralised was consistent with previous studies into remineralisation at low pH [e.g. Lammers et al, 1992]. It has been suggested [Theuns, 1987] that lamination occurs at low pH and relatively high fl uoride concentrations, through demineralisation of more soluble enamel deeper within a lesion beneath relatively insoluble fl uoridated mineral in the lesion body occurring at a depth at which fl uoride is not available to retard demineralisation, most or all having been incorporated into the lesion body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Fluoride at Plaque Fluid Concentrations on Enamel De- and Remineralisation at Low pH

2006

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The aim was to study the effect of fluoride, at concentrations typical of plaque fluid, on de- and remineralisation of subsurface lesions at low pH. Artificial lesions in human enamel were microradiographed to quantify mineral loss and placed in acid-gel systems at pH 4.8, 5.0 and 5.2. Calcium and phosphate were added to give initial Ca and Pi concentrations of either 4.1 and 8.0 mM, or 4.7 and 9.7 mM, at each pH value. Further, at each pH and combination of Ca and Pi, fluoride was added to the gels to give initial concentrations of 1, 2 or 5 ppm, with a non-fluoride control group. The lesions were removed after 10 days and change in mineral content quantified. Those in the non-fluoride control groups had demineralised further. Those exposed to fluoride had remineralised, the amount increasing with increasing fluoride concentration, up to a maximum value of approximately 75%. Calcium activity in the gels was reduced significantly, to levels similar to those reported for plaque fluid at low pH. Fluoride activity was also reduced, though to a lesser extent. These findings contrast with those from studies which have simulated conditions on smooth surface sites and which used experimental solutions composed to reflect salivary fluoride concentrations, where net demineralisation was observed at low pH. This reflects the need for further study of de- and remineralisation under plaque-fluid conditions. In conclusion, subsurface lesions were remineralised at low pH by fluoride at concentrations found in plaque fluid during a cariogenic challenge.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Fluoride at Plaque Fluid Concentrations on Enamel De- and Remineralisation at Low pH

2006

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“…In vitro, it has been shown that fl uoride can penetrate into sound enamel up to 100 m [Tyler and Poole, 1984] and even through partly demineralised enamel into dentine [ten Cate, 2001]. It has been suggested that partly demineralised enamel is more 'open' to fl uoride diffusion and therefore protects the underlying sound tissue [Lammers et al, 1992]. Lammers et al [1992] proposed that diffusion of mineral ions through the highly mineralised front of the lesion (MXB) was inhibited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that partly demineralised enamel is more 'open' to fl uoride diffusion and therefore protects the underlying sound tissue [Lammers et al, 1992]. Lammers et al [1992] proposed that diffusion of mineral ions through the highly mineralised front of the lesion (MXB) was inhibited. In the present study, it was indicated that fl uoride could protect even the sound tissue beyond the lesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Susceptibility at Various Depths of pH-Cycled Enamel and Dentine Specimens

Lagerweij

Cate

2005

Caries Res

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pH-cycling and in situ studies have shown that fluctuations in de-/remineralisation conditions or in fluoride usage can lead to laminations inside enamel or dentine lesions. Layers with different mineral content are thought to reflect the history of fluoride administrations. Studying the dissolution properties of such lesions at various depths – using bulk specimens – is presumably hampered by limited diffusion of acids through the lesion pores. Therefore, in this study the acid susceptibility of enamel and dentine lesions and the underlying sound tissues was studied by exposing sections to acid buffers from the cut rather than from the external surface. Specimens were obtained from a previous study of the effects of high-fluoride (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000/5,000 ppm F) toothpastes on enamel and dentine de-/remineralisation. Sections were subjected to acid buffers for 3 and 7 days and the changes in mineral content were monitored by contact microradiography. For enamel lesions a significant difference in dissolution over depth was observed between the groups subjected to the different fluoride schemes. At 7 days a dose response was found between the different fluoride groups and the lesion parameters. In the no-fluoride group dissolution in the original lesion and the sound tissue were similar. All dentine lesions which had been treated with fluoride showed inhibition of dissolution, but the inhibition did not increase with higher fluoride concentrations. Deeper into the dentine tissue there was some protection, but it was not statistically significant. We conclude that penetration of fluoride through the lesion pores determines the dissolution pattern of a lesion at various depths.

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“…At this stage the lesion consists of enamel in which the structural architecture is intact but where some crystals have been removed in whole or part by acid dissolution. F in solution in the oral environment promotes the precipitation of apatite and is itself incorporated into the new crystals, and thus, into the repaired enamel [Hallsworth et al, 1976;Damato et al, 1990;Lammers et al, 1991Lammers et al, , 1992. However, it seems that F may not penetrate deep into the 'body' of enamel lesions and so promote remineralisation at that site because it is absorbed by the outer enamel as it diffuses inwards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride in Enamel Lining Pits and Fissures of the Occlusal Groove–Fossa System in Human Molar Teeth

Pearce

Larsen²,

Coote

1999

Caries Res

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The fluoride (F) distribution in enamel lining the occlusal fissures of human molars and premolars is difficult to investigate by normal microsampling techniques, yet this information is of importance as fissures are particularly susceptible to caries. We have used the proton probe to map the distribution of F and Ca in sections of 17 molar teeth collected from Danish and New Zealand populations. The caries status of the sectioned fissure was determined by microradiography or visually after drying. The probe scans were graphed as density images, surface plots and topographical plots. Sound enamel bordering grooves and fissures showed a high–F surface layer, in 1 sample approximately 60 μm wide near the fissure bottom but gradually widening to double this width near the fissure opening, and up to 200 μm wide in grooves, while underlying enamel had a low and almost constant F level. In this respect fissure and groove enamel resembled smooth surface enamel. The F concentration fluctuated along the surface layer, reaching maximum values ranging from 1,800 to 4,200 ppm in 5 non–carious fissures. Incipient caries in fissure enamel usually but not always resulted in an increase in F in the outer layer, the F maximum values in 5 such samples ranging from 1,900 to 7,200 ppm. F maximum values in outer enamel were higher in 7 samples showing advanced caries, 2,700–10,000 ppm. The lesion subsurface body usually showed normal F values, as did carious dentine in the advanced lesions. The variable characteristics of the outer layer in sound fissure enamel are likely to be the result of a developmental process rather than environmental influences. The fact that we normally failed to find increased F concentrations in subsurface carious fissure enamel or in underlying carious dentine suggests that F does not diffuse into the deep part of fissure lesions, and probably has minimal effect on slowing the progress of such lesions, a suggestion in accord with clinical findings on the F effect on fissure caries.

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Acid-Susceptibility of Lesions in Bovine Enamel after Remineralization in the Presence of Fluoride and/or Carbonate

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

The Effect of Fluoride at Plaque Fluid Concentrations on Enamel De- and Remineralisation at Low pH

The Effect of Fluoride at Plaque Fluid Concentrations on Enamel De- and Remineralisation at Low pH

Acid Susceptibility at Various Depths of pH-Cycled Enamel and Dentine Specimens

Fluoride in Enamel Lining Pits and Fissures of the Occlusal Groove–Fossa System in Human Molar Teeth

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