Acid Sulfate Soils (Cat-Clays) of the Tropics

Moormann, F. R.

doi:10.1097/00010694-196304000-00009

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…These results are similar to those of Chang and Chu (1961), Moorman (1963), Hue and Amien (1990) and Enwezor and Moore (1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Such soils, upon drainage and aeration, show definite and severe acidification as a result of the oxidation of sulphides (mainly pyrite, FeS 2 ) which may lead to the formation of sulphuric acid. These soils are not limited to marine flood plains exclusively, but other soils that bear FeS 2 deposits inland may equally show the same phenomenon (Moorman, 1963, Hue and Amien 1990, Enwezor and Moore 1996. Van-der Spek (1950) earlier used the term "catclay" to denote acid soil material in its oxidized form showing straw-yellow mottling and streak of basic ferric sulphate, while Edelman et al (1958), proposed the term "mud-clay" to denote the non-drained, unoxidised soil with a high potential acidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate relationships in acid-sulphate soils of Mbiabet swamp rice farm, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Ubi¹,

Osodeke²

2009

Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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A study was conducted in April 2006 to determine the phosphate relationship in acid sulphate soils of Mbiabet Swamp Rice farm in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected in the order of 0 -1, 1 -2, 2 -5, 5 -8, 8 -10 and 10 -15cm soil depths. Treatments consisted of potassium dihydrogen phosphate added to the swamp mud, cat-clay, and mud-clay in equal doses of 122 kg/ha P 2 0 5 , fitted into Latin square of 36 x 5 m swamp, except for the control plots. Limestone (CaC0 3 ) was applied to both fertilized and unfertilized plots at the rate of 50 kg/ha to reduce the activity of alumimium. The distribution of phosphate in the top 10 cm of unfertilized plots at the fresh and dried mud showed that the bulk of the total phosphorus was in the organic and occluded forms. There was no saloid-bound phosphorus present in either the fresh or dried mud. The fixation of phosphorus was rapid, reaching the equilibrium within 50 -75 hours. Fresh mud (except cat-clay) absorbed more phosphate than did dried mud and nearly 60 percent of the absorption took place within 6 hours. The soluble phosphate applied as solution to columns of air-dried swamp mud showed a decrease within 6 months, but calcium and organic phosphate increased. Saloid-bound phosphate with the water-logged cat-clay decreased considerably. The soils have great opportunities in rice production when given proper soil management.

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“…These results are similar to those of Chang and Chu (1961), Moorman (1963), Hue and Amien (1990) and Enwezor and Moore (1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate relationships in acid-sulphate soils of Mbiabet swamp rice farm, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Ubi¹,

Osodeke²

2009

Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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“…Acid sulfate soils are found where sulfate ions, originally carried by seawater, are reduced to H 2 S under anaerobic conditions in sediments high in organic matter (Moormann, 1963). This gives these waterlogged soils the unpleasant aroma of rotten eggs.…”

Section: Sulfidic Soils (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics

2003

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The soil quality paradigm was originally developed in the temperate region with the overarching objective of approaching air quality and water quality standards. Although holistic and systemsoriented, soil quality focused principally on issues arising from large nutrient and energy inputs to agricultural lands. Soil quality in the tropics, however, focuses on three overarching concerns: food insecurity, rural poverty and ecosystem degradation. Soil science in the tropics relies heavily on quantitative attributes of soils that can be measured. The emotional, value-laden and ''measure everything'' approach proposed by some proponents of the soil quality paradigm has no place in the tropics. Soil quality in the tropics must be considered a component of an integrated natural resource management framework (INRM). Based on quantitative topsoil attributes and soil taxonomy, the fertility capability soil classification (FCC) system is probably a good starting point to approach soil quality for the tropics and is widely used. FCC does not deal with soil attributes that can change in less than 1 year, but those that are either dynamic at time scales of years or decades with management, as well as inherent ones that do not change in less than a century. FCC attributes can be positive or negative depending on the land use as well as the temporal and spatial scales in question. Version 4 is introduced in this paper. The main changes are to include the former h condition modifier (acid, but not Al-toxic) with ''no major chemical limitations'' because field experience has shown little difference between the two and to introduce a new condition modifier m that denotes organic carbon saturation deficit. Additional modifiers are needed for nutrient depletion, compaction, surface sealing and other soil biological attributes, but there is no sufficient evidence to propose robust, quantitative threshold values at this time. The authors call on those actively involved in linking these attributes with plant growth and ecosystem functions to provide additional suggestions that would enhance FCC. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) shows great potential on a wide range of tropical soils. The evolution of soil science from a qualitative art into a 0016-7061/03/$ -see front matter D

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“…Increases in soil acidity could also be reduced by making a conscious effort to sell off-farm only cation-low crops such as cereal grain rather than cation-rich crops such as vegetables, and to return all crop residues to the land as quickly as possible. Acid-tolerant crops could be grown, such as oil palm and cassava (IITA 1987) and pineapple (Moorman 1963). There are also substantial differences between cultivars of major grain crops in.…”

Section: Opportunities For Developing New Agronomic Practices In Devementioning

confidence: 99%

The 1988 shell lecture Plant Nutrition and Human Welfare: The World Scene

Greenwood¹

1989

J Sci Food Agric

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The proportion of the world's population that cannot get enough food to eat is increasing. Research has led to methods of increasing yields in ‘good’ soils with heavy inputs of fertilisers and other agrochemicals. But millions of people have to rely on food grown with few inputs on soils that are difficult to manage and present severe nutritional problems. There is a pressing need to devise sustainable systems of production that increase yields for these people. The problems that need to be overcome and the opportunities for advance are examined. Innovative agronomic practices are being developed that show promise of success. Quantitative models for soil and plant processes have also been developed and should be applied, to a greater extent than at present, in assessing possible practices in a given area, and in adapting practices to suit conditions. In addition there are a range of new techniques for measuring soil conditions and plant characteristics which should greatly facilitate progress. New methods of supplying crops with nutrients and water have led to spectacular improvements in the production of many horticultural crops in the Western world. Improvements in quality and the introduction of new products have been especially notable. They have enriched the lives of the consumer and created wealth for the producer. Pollution of the environment occurs almost everywhere. It has contributed to the economic decline of some of the earliest industrial areas of the world. Methods of overcoming the chemical constraints to plant growth on polluted and disturbed soils have been devised and have played a major part in improving the appearance of some of these former industrial areas and enabling them to attract modern industries and to enjoy new prosperity. Forest decline brought about by atmospheric pollution is becoming very serious in Western Europe and the USA. So far the only practical remedy involves the application of selected nutrients chosen on the basis of site characteristics.

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Acid Sulfate Soils (Cat-Clays) of the Tropics

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Phosphate relationships in acid-sulphate soils of Mbiabet swamp rice farm, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Phosphate relationships in acid-sulphate soils of Mbiabet swamp rice farm, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Fertility capability soil classification: a tool to help assess soil quality in the tropics

The 1988 shell lecture Plant Nutrition and Human Welfare: The World Scene

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