Acid rain in Western Europe and northeastern United States — a technical appraisal

Forest Blowdown and Lake Acidification

“…It follows that differences in landscape conditions, caused by blowdown or fire in pristine areas and by land-use changes in developed areas, account for some of the spatial and temporal variations that have been observed in lake chemistry. O u r findings contradict a prominent argument that has been used t o discount the role of land use in lake acidification (Schindler 1988;Havas et al 1984;Pierson and Chang 1986). The existence per se of the widespread disturbance caused by the Big Blow in a wilderness area is sufficient to prove that pristine areas can b e highly disturbed without human intervention.…”

“…Several investigators have addressed land-use change, but the relation between land use and landscape has been misunderstood. For example, a prominent argument against "land use" as a causal factor in lake acidification is the observation that lakes have become increasingly acidic in recent decades even in high elevation, pristine watersheds where land-use change has not occurred (Havas et al 1984;Pierson and Chang 1986;Shindler 1988). While it is true that landscape change often occurs as a manifestation of land-use change, we note that equally dramatic landscape changes can occur without land-use change.…”

NO2 Exposure Effect on Mixed Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient in Thiophene Polymers

“…Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a noxious gas formed through fuel combustion primarily in vehicles and power plants, is considered one of the few primary air pollutants along with carbon dioxide that contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change. , NO 2 reacts with water and oxygen in air to form acid rain which has destructive effects on the ecosystem as well as deteriorating buildings and statues by inducing corrosion. , Long-term exposure of NO 2 also has prolonged detrimental health effects in humans, resulting in severe respiratory and cardiovascular inflammation . Therefore, developing gas sensors that can detect the concentration of NO 2 with rapid response and recovery, distinct selectivity, and high sensitivity are crucial to monitor air quality in cities and improve environmental conditions.…”

Improvement of H2O2 Stabilization in Rainwater Samples

“…The contribution of NO 3 -and SO 4 2-to acidity of rainwater has become one of the main environmental problems, and it has been subject of numerous researches (Pierson and Chang, 1986;O'Sullivan, 1985;Hansen and Hidy, 1982;Beilke, 1983;Dikaiakos et al, 1990;Bravo et al, 2000;Cerón et al, 2002). Reasons to use SO 4 2-ion as the main indicator of acidity, are: 1) its conservative character, 2) there is no a variation in its levels among remote sites, and 3) do not promote acidification in a short time period as the case of NO 3…”