Acid Mine Drainage Treatment and Control: Remediation Methodologies, Mineral Beneficiation and Water Reclamation Strategies

Abstract

Although mining plays a vital role in the economic development of many countries, devastating environmental repercussions are associated with it. The extraction of mineral resources inevitably results in the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD), which entails intricate oxidation interactions that occur under ambient conditions in abandoned and active mines. The arbitrary release of AMD can lead to a series of long-term environmental problems, degradation of aquatic habitats and health complications. Over the years, extensive progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of AMD, with some processes even progressing as far as the commercialisation level. This chapter therefore discusses the process of AMD formation, preventative and control measures and AMD treatment options applicable to both operating and developed mines, as well as to researchers interested in environmental remediation and rehabilitation. Advances in mineral beneficiation and water reclamation strategies employed in the AMD treatment processes are highlighted to shed light on strides being made towards promoting a circular economy in mining industries. The featured work therefore demonstrates the global progress towards environmental protection and water resource management. The challenges and loopholes associated with the current AMD treatment methods are deliberated and possible future prospects in the field are proposed.