Acid mine drainage formation, control and treatment: Approaches and strategies

Skousen, Jeff; Ziemkiewicz, Paul; McDonald, Louis M.

doi:10.1016/j.exis.2018.09.008

Cited by 130 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The increase in sulfur in the groundwater causes a drop in pH, which provides conditions to increase the solubilization of heavy metals and radioactive elements. As a result, these acid effluents with high ionic concentration are conducted toward the slopes face, resulting in punctual acid drainage at the base of mine pit [64,65].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis and geophysical survey for hydrogeological diagnosis in uranium mine, Poços de Caldas (Brazil)

et al. 2019

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The implementation of open pit mines promotes alterations on geological and hydrogeological processes, mainly on natural streamflow patterns. Drainage system tries to reach its equilibrium due to modification on slope profiling water flows through new pathways contributing to erosion and leaching processes. One of the impacts related to mining is the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD), which occurs as a product of sulfide minerals exposure to oxidizing environment and, in contact to water, favors the formation of sulfuric acid. Thus, a low pH promotes a higher mobility of heavy metals and radionuclides, which become a source of contamination. In order to understand the hydrogeological dynamic in rock masses that contribute to AMD production, this paper aimed to subsidize mitigation programs in fractured aquifers using a structural analysis and geophysical survey for the reduction of acid drainage generation. The study was carried at the four mining fronts that compose the mine pit of Osamu Utsumi Mine, named according to its cardinal position (NE, SE, SW and NW). Local structural survey indicated that fractures attitudes are mainly N20E/80NW and N55 W/75NE, with intersections between them. Evidence of water flows, like whitish kaolinite stains and small vegetation growth, was identified in fronts NE, SW and NW, in addition to water springs at the base of the slopes. The flows arise mainly in areas that coincide to intersection between fracture systems in an orthogonal arrangement and the fracturing pattern indicated that at all fronts most of the fracture planes project into the open pit area, which favor the water channeling to the center of the mine as a water catchment basin. Moreover, the relationship between the persistence and spacing among the discontinuities enables a good hydraulic conductivity within the rock masses and the water upwelling on the slopes surface. The geophysical data corroborated with the structural survey, which identified the fracture planes as linear structures associated with low resistivity zones. DC resistivity method showed a strong contrast between saturated zones, differing natural from acidic water. Delimitation of linear features in the inversion models indicated that water flows are channeled through fracture planes and promote an expressive weathering process inside the rock masses, observed at depths of up to 70 m.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural analysis and geophysical survey for hydrogeological diagnosis in uranium mine, Poços de Caldas (Brazil)

et al. 2019

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“…Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an acidic and metal-rich effluent that occurs as a result of mineral sulfides (e.g., pyrite) exposure to water, oxygen, and iron/sulfur oxidizing bacteria, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans, among others. AMD can reach extremely low pH (<2), show high sulfate (>20.000 g/L) and soluble metals/metalloids concentrations [1], thus comprising an environmental thread and a pollution source for groundwater, rivers, and soils [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covellite (CuS) Production from a Real Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Biogenic H2S

Silva

Lucheta

Bitencourt

et al. 2019

Metals

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Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem associated with mining activities, which resulted from the exposure of sulfur bearing materials to oxygen and water. AMD is a pollution source due to its extreme acidity, high concentration of sulfate, and soluble metals. Biological AMD treatment is one alternative to couple environmental amelioration for valuable dissolved metals recovery, as a new source of raw materials. Covellite (CuS) particles were synthetized from an AMD sample collected in a Brazilian copper mine, after 48 and 96 h of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) produced in a bioreactor containing acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The time of exposure affected the morphology, nucleation, and size of CuS crystals. CuS crystals synthetized after 96 h of H 2 S exposure showed better ordination as indicated by sharp and intense diffractograms obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the predominance of placoid sheets with hexagonal habit structure as observed by scanning electrons microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry indicated a Cu:S molar ratio in agreement with CuS. Granulometric analysis demonstrated that 90% of CuS particles were less than 22 µm size. AMD biological treatment is a potential economical CuS recovery option for metallurgical process chain incorporation, or new industrial applications, since the alteration of synthesis conditions can produce different crystal forms with specific characteristics.

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“…The major natural contribution of heavy metals comes from the parent materials from which the soils developed. The anthropogenic source of heavy metals in soils includes acid mine drainage [110], agricultural and industrial waste discharges [111], atmospheric deposition [112], fertilizers and pesticides [113], which has a significant contribution to the content levels of heavy elements in soils. PCA are now a popular technique to trace source of TEs in soil, then enrichment factors are usually used to verify the sources.…”

Section: Te Apportionment In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining for Source Apportionment of Trace Elements in Water and Solid Matrix

Shan¹,

Shi²

2021

Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances

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Trace elements migrate among different environment bodies with the natural geochemical reactions, and impacted by human industrial, agricultural, and civil activities. High load of trace elements in water, river and lake sediment, soil and air particle lead to potential to health of human being and ecological system. To control the impact on environment, source apportionment is a meaningful, and also a challenging task. Traditional methods to make source apportionment are usually based on geochemical techniques, or univariate analysis techniques. In recently years, the methods of multivariate analysis, and the related concepts data mining, machine learning, big data, are developing fast, which provide a novel route that combing the geochemical and data mining techniques together. These methods have been proved successful to deal with the source apportionment issue. In this chapter, the data mining methods used on this topic and implementations in recent years are reviewed. The basic method includes principal component analysis, factor analysis, clustering analysis, positive matrix fractionation, decision tree, Bayesian network, artificial neural network, etc. Source apportionment of trace elements in surface water, ground water, river and lake sediment, soil, air particles, dust are discussed.

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Acid mine drainage formation, control and treatment: Approaches and strategies

Cited by 130 publications

References 51 publications

Structural analysis and geophysical survey for hydrogeological diagnosis in uranium mine, Poços de Caldas (Brazil)

Structural analysis and geophysical survey for hydrogeological diagnosis in uranium mine, Poços de Caldas (Brazil)

Covellite (CuS) Production from a Real Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Biogenic H2S

Data Mining for Source Apportionment of Trace Elements in Water and Solid Matrix

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