Acid lysis of macroalgae by marine herbivorous fishes: effects of acid pH on cell wall porosity

Zemke‐White, W. Lindsey; Clements, Kendall D.; Harris, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(99)00151-3

Cited by 74 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The present study showed that the most efficient cell disruption occurred after 2 h of incubation giving 33.18% for nitrogen availed culture and 54.26% for nitrogen depleted 6 ISRN Chemical Engineering condition. A similar result was reported by Zemke-White et al [27], in which they had analysed 4 macroalgae, namely, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ulva rigida, Porphyra sp., and Polysiphonia strictissima and found that at pH 2.0 for 60 min the cell wall pore size of all four algal species increased up to at least 13.5 nm more than the normal cell wall size (8.8 nm). In the present study, after 2 h of treatment, the amount of oil yield was found to be constant.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of N Oculata For Oil Extractionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…From the data it was clear that the oil extraction was found to be increased with increasing pretreatment time with cellulase. From the literature, the benefit of using enzyme for hydrolyzing microalgal cell wall was evaluated by Zemke-White et al [27]. Presently, enzymatic cell wall degradation is not widely practiced in industry because cell lysing enzymes have traditionally been cost prohibitive.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of N Oculata For Oil Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Various Pretreatment for Extracting Intracellular Lipid fromNannochloropsis oculataunder Nitrogen Replete and Depleted Conditions

Surendhiran

Mani

2014

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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Microalga is one of the most compelling microbial biomasses for biodiesel production. Various pretreatment processes, namely, enzyme treatment, lysis by acid, ultrasonicator, microwaves, autoclave, and 40% NaCl, for nitrogen replete and depleted algal cultures of Nannochloropsis oculata had been carried out to check the most feasible and effective technique to disrupt cells for procuring lipids, for which concentrations were determined. Fatty acid composition, essential functional groups, and cell disruption were analyzed by GC-MS, FT-IR Spectroscopy, and Nile Red fluorescent microscopy, respectively. The present investigation showed that lipid yield was higher in nitrogen depleted cells than that in normally nourished cells. GC-MS revealed the presence of major fatty acids-palmitic, oleic, stearic, arachidic, lauric, and linoleic acids. Highest efficiency was found when cells were pretreated using acid for 3 h. The lipid content was calculated as 33.18% and 54.26% for nitrogen rich cells and nitrogen starved cells, respectively. This work thus aided in identifying the most eligible pretreatment process to avail lipids from cells, to convert them to eco-friendly and nonpolluting biodiesel.

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Section: Pretreatment Of N Oculata For Oil Extractionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Pretreatment Of N Oculata For Oil Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Various Pretreatment for Extracting Intracellular Lipid fromNannochloropsis oculataunder Nitrogen Replete and Depleted Conditions

Surendhiran

Mani

2014

ISRN Chemical Engineering

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“…Bioadsorption of heavy metal particles to algae is dependent on surface charge on these particles [25]. Sieving property of algal cell walls is determined by pore sizes ranging from 5 to 20 nm [26][27][28], which span through thickness of the walls. Thus, only NPs smaller than 20 nm are expected to reach cell membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Growth of Eukaryotic Green Algae

et al. 2012

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Abstract:Silver nanoparticles, endowed with powerful antimicrobial property, are the most widely used nanomaterial in consumer products, with associated risk of their easy access to environment and freshwater ecosystems by surface runoff. Although toxic effects of nanosilver on bacterial, fungal and mammalian cells have been documented, its impact on algal growth remains unknown. Pithophora oedogonia and Chara vulgaris are predominant members of photosynthetic eukaryotic algae, which form major component of global aquatic ecosystem. Here we report for the first time that nanosilver has significant adverse effects on growth and morphology of these filamentous green algae in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of algal thalli to increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles resulted in progressive depletion in algal chlorophyll content, chromosome instability and mitotic disturbance, associated with morphological malformations in algal filaments. SEM micrographs revealed dramatic alterations in cell wall in nanoparticle-treated algae, characterized with cell wall rupture and degradation in Pithophora. Although these observations underscore severe deleterious effects of nanosilver on aquatic environment, the information can also be exploited as a bioengineering strategy to control unwanted and persistent growth of noxious algal weeds that clog the municipal water supply and water channels and produce fouling of water bodies.

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“…Polysiphonia made up the largest part, 29% of the identifiable material, but this value is likely an underestimate, because the cell wall of this alga is susceptible to gastric acid, and therefore the cell contents are easily accessed by enzymes such as α-Amylase and protenase that are active in the stomachs (Chakrabarti et al 1995), and digested rapidly (Zemke-White et al 2000;Hata and Kato 2002). Conversely, corticated algae, Gelidiella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

Hata

Umezawa

2011

Ecological Research

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This content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere in any language, and all authors have contributed significantly, and are in agreement with the content of the manuscript. 2 AbstractThe territorial damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, maintains algal farms by excluding invading herbivores and weeding unpalatable algae from its territories. In Okinawa, Japan, S. nigricans farms are exclusively dominated by Polysiphonia sp., a highly digestible filamentous rhodophyte. This study was aimed at determining the diet of S.nigricans in Okinawa and its dependency on these almost-monoculture algal farms based on stomach contents and chemical analyses. Stomach content analyses revealed that all available food items in the algal farms (i.e., algae, benthic animal inhabitants, trapped detritus) were contained in fish stomachs, but amorphous organic matter accounted for 68% of the contents. Therefore, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and fatty acid (FA) compositions were analyzed to trace items actually assimilated in their bodies. Stable isotope analyses showed that benthic animals were an important food source even for this farmer fish. Two essential FAs (EFA), 20:4n6 and 20:5n3, which are produced only by rhodophytes among available food items, were rich in the muscle tissue of S. nigricans as well as in algal mats and detritus, suggesting that algal mats contribute EFAs to S. nigricans directly and indirectly through the food web. In conclusion, S. nigricans ingested algal mats, detritus and benthic animals maintained within its farm. Algae and detritus were original sources of EFAs, and benthic animals, which were much more abundant in the farms than in outside territories, provided a nitrogen-rich dietary source for the fish.

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Acid lysis of macroalgae by marine herbivorous fishes: effects of acid pH on cell wall porosity

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Various Pretreatment for Extracting Intracellular Lipid fromNannochloropsis oculataunder Nitrogen Replete and Depleted Conditions

Effect of Various Pretreatment for Extracting Intracellular Lipid fromNannochloropsis oculataunder Nitrogen Replete and Depleted Conditions

Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Growth of Eukaryotic Green Algae

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

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