Acid gas and metal emission rates during long‐lived basalt degassing at Stromboli Volcano

Allard, P.; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Loyer, Henri; Carrot, F.; Gaudry, A.; Pinte, G.; Michel, A.; Dongarrà, G.

doi:10.1029/1999gl008413

Cited by 132 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Average arsenic values measured in the rocks of the Cimino and Vico volcanic complexes are 27 mg/kg and 61 mg/kg, respectively, with maximum values of 42 mg/kg and 166 mg/kg, much higher than reported for other volcanic rocks in Italy. In fact, for the volcanoes of Southern Italy, values of about 1 mg/kg are reported for hawaiite lavas of Etna, and mean values of 9 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg are reported for the potassic volcanics of Vulcano Island and Vesuvius, respectively [7,[57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Approach to Identify Water Resources for Human Consumption in an Area Affected by High Natural Arsenic Content

Armiento

Baiocchi

Cremisini

et al. 2015

Water

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This study concerns the occurrence of arsenic in the groundwater system of the Cimino-Vico volcanic area (central Italy), different parts of which are currently widely used for local drinking water supply and for irrigation. The system shows a complex groundwater circulation, including a continuous basal aquifer, discontinuous perched aquifers, groundwater flows at high altitude, and local interactions with rising thermal fluids. Data on arsenic contents in 250 water samples from springs and wells and in 68 samples from rock outcrops were measured and combined with already existing information. Results highlight that arsenic concentrations of groundwater are influenced by type of aquifer, groundwater flow path, arsenic content of the aquifer rocks, and interaction with fluids rising from depth. Waters circulating in the Vico volcanics, one of the prominent rock units of the area, have high concentrations of arsenic, both for the basal OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 5092 and the perched aquifers. A large fraction of the waters associated with this rock unit have arsenic contents higher than 10 μg/L (82 percent for basal, 40 percent for perched). In contrast, waters circulating in the Cimino volcanics have lower arsenic contents: 30 percent of the basal and 10 percent of the perched aquifers have arsenic concentrations greater than 10 μg/L. Through an integrated approach, including leaching tests to investigate the arsenic behavior concerning the water-rock interaction and a geostatistical modeling of data, it has been possible to identify and tentatively quantify suitable water resources that have arsenic content not exceeding the quality standards for human consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Approach to Identify Water Resources for Human Consumption in an Area Affected by High Natural Arsenic Content

Armiento

Baiocchi

Cremisini

et al. 2015

Water

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“…Atmospheric particulate matter is most likely to be transported far from its point of origin if its size falls within the accumulation mode (i.e., particles with a diameter of roughly 0.1-1 μm), particularly if it has limited hygroscopicity and is thus unlikely to nucleate cloud droplets (7). Observations in the plumes of both actively erupting and quiescent degassing volcanoes have shown emissions of such aerosols (8)(9)(10), and a few studies have quantified trace metals in these aerosols, observing not only large enrichments compared with background, but also large absolute concentrations of Ni and Cu in the airborne particulate phase (up to 1-2 μg m −3 of Cu and Ni in volcanic plumes) (5,(11)(12)(13). In particular, up to 1.6 μg m −3 Ni were reported to be emitted from Kilauea (14), with the large majority of that mass being present in the accumulation mode.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nickel is a nonvolatile, strongly compatible element, normally locked up in early crystallizing silicate phases or sulfide liquid accumulations in deeper portions of subvolcanic magmatic systems and therefore tends not to be notably enriched in volcanic gases (5). However, if dissolved in volcanic gas, Ni is rapidly precipitated during cooling, forming solid aerosol particles as sulfide, oxide, or chloride phases (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of degassing of the Noril’sk nickel deposits in the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event

Vaillant

Mungall

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The largest mass extinction event in Earth's history marks the boundary between the Permian and Triassic Periods at circa 252 Ma and has been linked with the eruption of the basaltic Siberian Traps large igneous province (SLIP). One of the kill mechanisms that has been suggested is a biogenic methane burst triggered by the release of vast amounts of nickel into the atmosphere. A proposed Ni source lies within the huge Noril’sk nickel ore deposits, which formed in magmatic conduits widely believed to have fed the eruption of the SLIP basalts. However, nickel is a nonvolatile element, assumed to be largely sequestered at depth in dense sulfide liquids that formed the orebodies, preventing its release into the atmosphere and oceans. Flotation of sulfide liquid droplets by surface attachment to gas bubbles has been suggested as a mechanism to overcome this problem and allow introduction of Ni into the atmosphere during eruption of the SLIP lavas. Here we use 2D and 3D X-ray imagery on Noril’sk nickel sulfide, combined with simple thermodynamic models, to show that the Noril’sk ores were degassing while they were forming. Consequent “bubble riding” by sulfide droplets, followed by degassing of the shallow, sulfide-saturated, and exceptionally volatile and Cl-rich SLIP lavas, permitted a massive release of nickel-rich volcanic gas and subsequent global dispersal of nickel released from this gas as aerosol particles.

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“…Enrichment factors for fluorine and sulfur have been measured simultaneously at several terrestrial basaltic volcanoes (Andres et al, 1993;Crowe et al, 1987;Allard et al, 2000;Symonds et al, 1987Symonds et al, , 1990. Andres et al (1993) measured enrichment factors for fluorine and sulfur of 10 4 and 10 5 , respectively, at Mount Etna during a relatively quiescent period.…”

Section: Partitioning Of Fluorine and Sulfur Between Lavas And Volcanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon tetrafluoride on Io

Schaefer

Fegley

2005

Icarus

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Acid gas and metal emission rates during long‐lived basalt degassing at Stromboli Volcano

Cited by 132 publications

References 14 publications

An Integrated Approach to Identify Water Resources for Human Consumption in an Area Affected by High Natural Arsenic Content

An Integrated Approach to Identify Water Resources for Human Consumption in an Area Affected by High Natural Arsenic Content

Role of degassing of the Noril’sk nickel deposits in the Permian–Triassic mass extinction event

Silicon tetrafluoride on Io

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