Acid formation by mixed cultures of cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella alcalescens

Distler, Werner; Kröncke, A

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(80)90096-5

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Glucose did not increase H 2 S production by Veillonella, indicating that the enhancement of H 2 S production by Veillonella requires coexistence with lactate-producing bacteria such as strep- (29,30). In addition, coexistence with Veillonella induced the expression in Streptococcus gordonii of ␣-amylase, which enables Streptococcus to degrade starch to oligosaccharides and consequently metabolize them into lactate that can be used by Veillonella (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Washio

Shimada

Yamada

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Indigenous oral bacteria in the tongue coating such as Veillonella have been identified as the main producers of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), one of the major components of oral malodor. However, there is little information on the physiological properties of H 2 S production by oral Veillonella such as metabolic activity and oral environmental factors which may affect H 2 S production. Thus, in the present study, the H 2 S-producing activity of growing cells, resting cells, and cell extracts of oral Veillonella species and the effects of oral environmental factors, including pH and lactate, were investigated. Type strains of Veillonella atypica, Veillonella dispar, and Veillonella parvula were used. These Veillonella species produced H 2 S during growth in the presence of L-cysteine. Resting cells of these bacteria produced H 2 S from L-cysteine, and the cell extracts showed enzymatic activity to convert L-cysteine to H 2 S. H 2 S production by resting cells was higher at pH 6 to 7 and lower at pH 5. The presence of lactate markedly increased H 2 S production by resting cells (4.5-to 23.7-fold), while lactate had no effect on enzymatic activity in cell extracts. In addition to H 2 S, ammonia was produced in cell extracts of all the strains, indicating that H 2 S was produced by the catalysis of cystathionine ␥-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1). Serine was also produced in cell extracts of V. atypica and V. parvula, suggesting the involvement of cystathionine ␤-synthase lyase (EC 4.2.1.22) in these strains. This study indicates that Veillonella produce H 2 S from L-cysteine and that their H 2 S production can be regulated by oral environmental factors, namely, pH and lactate.O ral malodor is due to metabolic products of bacteria in the oral cavity, particularly those living on the dorsum of the tongue (1, 2). Some cases of oral malodor are known to be linked with periodontitis (3, 4), and thus various periodontitis-related bacterial species have been detected in the tongue coating (5, 6). These findings also suggest that the tongue coating plays a role in the reservoir of such bacteria (5). Most of these bacteria have the ability to produce hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), one of the major components of oral malodor (7,8). In a previous study (9), we focused on oral malodor in patients without oral diseases such as periodontitis or caries and found that the predominant H 2 S-producing bacteria were not periodontitis-related bacteria but were mainly indigenous bacteria of the oral cavity such as Veillonella and Actinomyces. Among these, Veillonella species, including V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. parvula, were dominant (9).Veillonella species are Gram-negative anaerobic micrococci that are frequently detected in the tongue coating (6, 9). These bacteria are asaccharolytic but utilize lactate, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate as energy sources. Although several studies have reported that Veillonella species produce H 2 S (1, 8, 10, 11), the metabolic properties of H 2 S production have not been fully understood. In the tongue coating, environmen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Washio

Shimada

Yamada

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Salivary veillonella counts were generally significantly correlated only with mutans streptococci. Symbiotic associations between mutans .streptococci and veillonella involving the utilisation of streptococeal-derived laetate by veillonella have been reported both in vitro (12,34) and in gnotobiotie animal experiments (13). However, it is not known if this microbial interaetion occurs within the hutnan tnouth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus, Candida, and Veillonella species in a group of Scottish adolescents

Russell

MacFarlane

Aitchison

et al. 1990

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus, Candida, and Veillonella species were investigated on three occasions at annual intervals in a group of 372 Scottish adolescents. Counts of the micro-organisms studied were logarithmically distributed, with Candida spp. being isolated from approximately half the subjects. Counts of lactobacilli, mutans streptococci, and candida were significantly intercorrelated, while veillonella were associated consistently with mutans streptococci alone. Levels of each of the four micro-organisms were significantly correlated over the three examinations, with levels of the Candida spp. being the most stable over the period studied.

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“…This has led some researchers to propose that they participate in food chains within the oral cavity (22,25). Nutritional relationships between veillonellae and other oral bacteria both in vitro (5,6,25) and in vivo have been demonstrated (26,36). Second, veillonellae appear to have a limited ability to adhere to host tissue.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology

Hughes

Kolenbrander

Andersen

et al. 1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The primary habitats of oral veillonellae are the tongue, dental plaque, and the buccal mucosa. Isolates were obtained from each habitat and tested for coaggregation with a battery of other oral bacterial strains. All 59 tongue isolates tested for coaggregation were Veillonella atypica or Veillonella dispar. All but one of them coaggregated with strains of Streptococcus salivarius, a predominant inhabitant of the tongue surface but not subgingival dental plaque. These tongue isolates were unable to coaggregate with most normal members of the subgingival flora such as Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii, and Streptococcus sanguis. In contrast, 24 of 29 Veillonella isolates, of which 20 were Veillonella parvula from subgingival dental plaque samples, coaggregated strongly with the three species of Actinomyces, S. sanguis, and other bacteria usually present in subgingival plaque, but they did not coaggregate with S. salivarius. The majority of isolates from the buccal mucosa (42 of 55) has coaggregation properties like those from the tongue. These results indicate that the three human oral Veillonella species are distributed on oral surfaces that are also occupied by their coaggregation partners and thus provide strong evidence that coaggregation plays a critical role in the bacterial ecology of the oral cavity.

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Acid formation by mixed cultures of cariogenic strains of Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella alcalescens

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Effects of pH and Lactate on Hydrogen Sulfide Production by Oral Veillonella spp

Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus, Candida, and Veillonella species in a group of Scottish adolescents

Coaggregation properties of human oral Veillonella spp.: relationship to colonization site and oral ecology

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