Acid exchange resins deactivation in the esterification of free fatty acids

Tesser, Riccardo; Serio, Martino Di; Casale, L.; Sannino, Lucio; Ledda, M.; Santacesaria, E.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.026

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Triglycerides (about 90-98%) and free fatty acids (FFA) in the C10-C22 range, with different unstauration levels, compose the raw materials. Currently, the main problem of the commercialization of biodiesel is its final cost, that strongly depends on the feedstock used (about 85% of the total) 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vegetable Oil Deacidification by Methanol Heterogeneously Catalyzed Esterification in (Monophasic Liquid)/Solid Batch and Continuous Reactors

et al. 2014

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The removal of FFA in vegetable oils is an important pre-treatment in the production of biodiesel, in particular when the starting materials are low cost feedstocks. Heterogeneouslycatalysed esterification with methanol transforms FFA in FAME, decreasing the oil acidity and producing biodiesel simultaneously. The equilibrium of this reaction shifts towards the desired product when increasing the methanol content but, at the same time, a double liquid phase system forms when the methanol content is higher than 6-8% wt . The presence of a double liquid phase can be an important drawback in the reactor. A detailed study about the optimization of the methanol quantity is presented, both using a batch and a packed bed reactor (PBR) at different temperatures (between 60 and 105 °C) using Amberlyst 46 (ion exchange resin) as heterogeneous catalyst. The deacidification of sunflower oil in a monophasic liquid system leads to satisfactory results (final FFA lower than 0.5 % wt ) for both the reactors. The experimental results demonstrate that the excess of methanol is not convenient in terms of both slower reaction rates and mass of reactant used. The stability of Amberlyst 46 in PBR reactor was positively verified after 600 h of work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…biodiesel, already in this preliminary step; a remarkable advantage of heterogeneous catalysis is the easier separation and recovery of the catalyst after the reaction. Sulphonic acid exchange resins [5][6][7][8][9][10] are among the most widely adopted catalysts in the FFA esterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Oil Deacidification by Methanol Heterogeneously Catalyzed Esterification in (Monophasic Liquid)/Solid Batch and Continuous Reactors

et al. 2014

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“…In fact, if no particular critical conditions are present in the system during the process (e.g. mechanical fragmentation of the catalyst or presence of metallic ions as Fe 3+ in the starting TG (Tesser et al, 2010)), no remarkable diminution of the catalytic performance is observed for several operating hours. Different types of reactors exploiting these ion-exchange resins have been proposed for FFA esterification (Santacesaria et al, 2007;Pirola et al, 2010).…”

Section: Pre-esterification Methods By Heterogeneous Acid Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Oil De-Acidification as a First Step Towards Biodiesel Production

Pirola¹,

Boffito²,

Carvoli³

et al. 2011

Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products

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“…The FFA level reduced sharply to less than 1.0% at 102.40 min of reaction time. Tesser et al (2010) reported that the optimum reaction time for reducing the FFA levels in a soybean oil-oleic acid mixture was 150 min in the presence of 1.0% catalyst (acid exchange resin).…”

Section: Esterifi Cation Of Ffa In Oleum Papaveris Seminis Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of <em>Oleum papaveris seminis</em> oil into methyl esters via esterification process: Optimization and kinetic study

Syam¹,

Rashid²,

Yunus³

et al. 2016

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:This paper presents an acid pre-treatment process and a kinetic study for the esterification reaction of Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of amberlite 120 as a solid catalyst to convert the oil into methyl esters. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the reaction parameters, i.e. reaction time, percentage of the catalyst and volume ratio of methanol to oil. The results revealed that 0.87% w/w of catalyst concentration and 44.70% v/v of methanol to oil ratio provided final free fatty acid (FFA) contents of 0.60% w/w at 102.40 min of reaction time. It proved that the contribution of Amberlite 120 in the esterification of FFA was highly significant. The kinetics of the esterification in Oleum papaveris seminis oil with methanol in the presence of the amberlite 120 catalyst were also investigated to establish the reaction rate constant (k), reaction order, and activation energy. The study was performed under the optimized parameters at three reaction temperatures (50, 55, and 60 °C). The value of k was in the range of 0.013 to 0.027 min Optimización y estudio cinético. En este artículo se presenta un proceso de pre-tratamiento con ácido, y un estudio cinético de la reacción de esterificación. Se utiliza Oleum papaveris seminis con metanol en presencia de Amberlite 120 como catalizador sólido para la formación de los ésteres metílicos. Se aplicó una metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) para optimizar los parámetros de la reacción; es decir, tiempo de reacción, porcentaje de la relación de catalizador y volumen de metanol -aceite. Los resultados mostraron que el 0,87% w/w de la concentración de catalizador y 44,70% v/v de metanol en relación al aceite dan lugar a un contenido final de ácidos grasos libres (FFA) de 0,60% w/w en 102,40 min de tiempo de reacción. Se demostró que la contribución de Amberlite 120 en la esterificación de los FFA fue altamente significativa. La cinética de la esterificación del Oleum papaveris Seminis con metanol en presencia del catalizador Amberlite 120 también se investigó para establecer la constante de velocidad de reacción (k), orden de la reacción, y la energía de activación. El estudio se realizó bajo los parámetros optimizados a tres temperaturas de reacción (50, 55, y 60 °C). El valor de la constante k fué del rango de 0.013 a 0,027 min −1 . El modelo de cinética de primer orden fue el adecuado para esta esterificación FFA irreversible con una energía de activación de aproximadamente 60,9 KJ mol −1 .

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Acid exchange resins deactivation in the esterification of free fatty acids

Cited by 43 publications

References 16 publications

Vegetable Oil Deacidification by Methanol Heterogeneously Catalyzed Esterification in (Monophasic Liquid)/Solid Batch and Continuous Reactors

Vegetable Oil Deacidification by Methanol Heterogeneously Catalyzed Esterification in (Monophasic Liquid)/Solid Batch and Continuous Reactors

Soybean Oil De-Acidification as a First Step Towards Biodiesel Production

Conversion of <em>Oleum papaveris seminis</em> oil into methyl esters via esterification process: Optimization and kinetic study

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