Acid-catalyzed algal biomass pretreatment for integrated lipid and carbohydrate-based biofuels production

Laurens, Lieve M.L.; Nagle, Nick; Davis, Ryan; Sweeney, Nick; Wychen, Stefanie Van; Lowell, Andrew; Pienkos, Philip T.

doi:10.1039/c4gc01612b

Cited by 192 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It was produced from carbohydrate rich S. acutus (SCE 0401) biomass that was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (2% w/w) in a Jaygo reactor [130 L (Union, NJ)] at 150°C for 0.5 h to lyse cells and hydrolyze portions of the biomass. Lipids were separated from the resulting sample slurry by centrifugation, and the saccharified liquid supernatant was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D5A) to produce ethanol after supplementation with 5 g/L yeast extract and 10 g/L peptone to the fermenter (Laurens et al, 2014). The resulting fermentation broth was assessed for nitrogen content (see below), and added to BG11 or BG11ÀN as a potential nitrogen source for algal growth, resulting in the media BG11+SABCr or BG11ÀN+SABCr, respectively.…”

Section: Media Nitrogen Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising recent approach to algal biomass processing involves using dilute acid pretreatment to lyse algal cells and hydrolyze biomass for subsequent conversion to biofuels and/or high value products (Laurens et al, 2014;Martin et al, 2007). In this approach, algal biomass is treated with dilute sulfuric acid at moderately elevated temperatures (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: Residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus

Nagle

Pienkos

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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In this study, the reuse of nitrogen from fuel-extracted algal residues was investigated. The alga Scenedesmus acutus was found to be able to assimilate nitrogen contained in amino acids, yeast extracts, and proteinaceous alga residuals. Moreover, these alternative nitrogen resources could replace nitrate in culturing media. The ability of S. acutus to utilize the nitrogen remaining in processed algal biomass was unique among the promising biofuel strains tested. This alga was leveraged in a recycling approach where nitrogen is recovered from algal biomass residuals that remain after lipids are extracted and carbohydrates are fermented to ethanol. The protein-rich residuals not only provided an effective nitrogen resource, but also contributed to a carbon "heterotrophic boost" in subsequent culturing, improving overall biomass and lipid yields relative to the control medium with only nitrate. Prior treatment of the algal residues with Diaion HP20 resin was required to remove compounds inhibitory to algal growth.

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Section: Media Nitrogen Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: Residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus

Nagle

Pienkos

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…The protein-rich residue left after lipid extraction was converted to biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) and this biogas was used for co-generation of heat and power on-site. While this approach is a relatively new conceptual processing pathway, early research conducted at NREL has demonstrated encouraging results with high yields (N65%) for hydrolysis of algal carbohydrates to monomeric sugars, and high yields (N80%) of fermentable sugars to ethanol as well as recovery of lipids via a wet extraction process at roughly 80 wt% moisture content [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from an algae fractionation process for producing renewable diesel

Pegallapati

Frank

2016

Algal Research

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In one approach to algal biofuel production, lipids are extracted and converted to renewable diesel and non-lipid remnants are converted to biogas, which is used for renewable heat and power to support the process. Since biofuel economics benefit from increased fuel yield, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory analyzed an alternative pathway that extracts lipids and also makes ethanol from carbohydrates in the biomass. In this paper, we examine the environmental sustainability of this "fractionation pathway" through life-cycle analysis (LCA) of greenhouse gas emissions and energy use. When the feedstock productivity was 30 (18) g/m 2 /d, this pathway emitted 31 (36) gCO 2 e/MJ of total fuel, which is less than the emissions associated with conventional low sulfur petroleum diesel (96 gCO 2 e/MJ). The fractionation pathway performed well in this model despite the diversion of carbon to the ethanol fuel.

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“…Heterogeneous solid acid catalysts have also been reported for acidic hydrolysis of biomass to improve lipid extraction [174,175]. Laurens et al (2015) reported that dilute acid pretreatment can assist lipid extraction to recover up to 97% of total fatty acids using hexane. The microalgal cell wall was ruptured and degraded, allowing large oil droplets, which were entrained in the cell debris but readily extracted (Fig.…”

Section: Chemical Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid recovery from wet oleaginous microbial biomass for biofuel production: A critical review

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t sChallenges in industrial lipid extraction processes were illustrated. Lipid recovery from wet biomass was critically reviewed in the context of biofuel productions. Cell wall disruption technologies were critically reviewed and compared. a b s t r a c tBiological lipids derived from oleaginous microorganisms are promising precursors for renewable biofuel productions. Direct lipid extraction from wet cell-biomass is favored because it eliminates the need for costly dehydration. However, the development of a practical and scalable process for extracting lipids from wet cell-biomass is far from ready to be commercialized, instead, requiring intensive research and development to understand the lipid accessibility, mechanisms in mass transfer and establish robust lipid extraction approaches that are practical for industrial applications. This paper aims to present a critical review on lipid recovery in the context of biofuel productions with special attention to cell disruption and lipid mass transfer to support extraction from wet biomass.

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Acid-catalyzed algal biomass pretreatment for integrated lipid and carbohydrate-based biofuels production

Abstract: One of the major challenges associated with algal biofuels production in a biorefinery-type setting is improving biomass utilization in its entirety, increasing the process energetic yields and providing economically viable and scalable co-product concepts.

Cited by 192 publications

References 52 publications

Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: Residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus

Nitrogen recycling from fuel-extracted algal biomass: Residuals as the sole nitrogen source for culturing Scenedesmus acutus

Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from an algae fractionation process for producing renewable diesel

Lipid recovery from wet oleaginous microbial biomass for biofuel production: A critical review

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