Acid-Base Status and Blood Gas Arterial Values in Free-Ranging Sika Deer Hinds Immobilized with Medetomidine and Ketamine

Abstract

Ten free-ranging female sika deer (Cervus nippon) were captured to obtain the reference values for acid-base status and blood gas when immobilized with the combination of medetomidine and ketamine. The mean Ϯ SE of PaCO 2 , PaO 2 , and HCO 3 Ϫ were 58.1 Ϯ 6.1 mmHg, 58.8 Ϯ 6.4 mmHg, and 36.0 Ϯ 4.4 mmol/l, respectively. Although acidosis and alkalosis occurred in three and two animals, respectively, no serious conditions were observed. The blood values, however, suggest that some degree of hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis are developed. The trapped deer showed a significantly higher than normal rectal temperature reflective of exertion.

Evaluation of medetomidine-ketamine and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis)

“…Arterial blood gas values have not previously been reported in anaesthetized CWD, but are available for several other species of deer anaesthetized with medetomidine and ketamine, including axis (Axis axis) and sika deer (Cervus nippon) (Suzuki et al 2001;Smith et al 2006). In our study, animals in both groups became hypoxaemic and 36.0 ± 4.4 mmol L )1 ) anaesthetized with MK where there was clear respiratory acidosis (Suzuki et al 2001;Smith et al 2006). However, both species are larger than CWD and likely to develop greater ventilation-perfusion mismatch.…”

“…Arterial blood gas values have not previously been reported in anaesthetized CWD, but are available for several other species of deer anaesthetized with medetomidine and ketamine, including axis ( Axis axis ) and sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) (Suzuki et al. 2001; Smith et al.…”

“…The arterial blood gas values in this study were slightly better than in axis deer (pH 7.33 ± 0.03; HCO 3 − 30 ± 3.4 mmol L −1 ; BE 4.2 ± 3.5 mmol L −1 ; PaCO 2 51.9 ± 14.1 mmHg; PaO 2 not available) and in sika deer (PaCO 2 58.1 ± 6.1 mmHg; PaO 2 58.8 ± 6.4 mmHg; HCO 3 − 36.0 ± 4.4 mmol L −1 ) anaesthetized with MK where there was clear respiratory acidosis (Suzuki et al. 2001; Smith et al.…”

Efficacy of a Portable Oxygen Concentrator with Pulsed Delivery for Treatment of Hypoxemia During Anesthesia of Wildlife

“…Lactate usually serves as a marker for the adequacy of tissue oxygenation but can also reflect stress induced glycolysis (Wolfe & Martini, 2000). Blood gases and acid-base status are valuable means for evaluation of the physiological effects that different capture methods and drugs have on wild animals (Suzuki et al, 2001).…”

Evaluation of a point-of-care blood analyzer and determination of reference ranges for blood parameters in rockfish

“…Repeated physical or chemical restraint of fish for diagnostic procedures and treatments induces stress, 7 which increases blood cortisol concentration and possibly affects recovery from disease.Point-of-care blood analyzers have been used in human and veterinary medicine and are valuable adjuncts to reference laboratory testing in many situations. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] These analyzers provide basic, patient-side health and metabolic status information rapidly 8 with acceptable reliability, compared with traditional laboratory methods. 13,[16][17][18][19][20] Results of tank-side blood analyses in fish are potentially valuable because treatment could be instituted immediately, reducing the number of times the fish are handled and thereby decreasing stress.…”