Acid–Base and Electrolyte Changes Drive Early Pathology in Ischemic Stroke

Martha, Sarah R; Fraser, Justin F.; Pennypacker, Keith R.

doi:10.1007/s12017-019-08555-5

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…There are many pathogenic factors of ischemic stroke. The common causes are vascular diseases, blood system diseases, metabolic diseases, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking history, and alcoholism [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Properties of the Extract of Chrysanthemum on Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Zhu

Qian

Xu-dong

et al. 2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Investigation of the protective effect of chrysanthemum extract in ischemic strokes patients is among the challenging issues with the traditional hospital system in general and smart technology-based hospitals in particular. In this study, we have evaluated the protective effect of chrysanthemum extract on patients with ischemic stroke by detecting the severity of stroke, neuronal indexes, and oxidative stress biomarkers. For this purpose, forty-six patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into the control group (n = 30) and chrysanthemum group (n = 30). The control group received standard stroke treatment, and the chrysanthemum group was treated with chrysanthemum extract 400 mg/day (200 mg/day, twice/day) on the basis of standard treatment. The groups were compared the effect of saffron capsules using the National Institute of Health Stoke Scale (NIHSS), serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), S100, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), Su-peroxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC ) levels, at the time of first day and fourth day after treatment. On the first day after treatment, there was no significant difference in the NIHSS score, serum NSE, S100, BDNF, MDA, SOD, and TAC levels between the chrysanthemum group and the control group ( P > 0.05 ). On the fourth day after treatment, the NIHSS, serum NSE, S100, and MDA levels were significantly reduced in the chrysanthemum group compared to the control group, while the BDNF, SOD, and TAC levels were higher ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, compared to the levels on the first day, the NIHSS, serum NSE, S100, and MDA levels were significantly reduced, and the BDNF, SOD, and TAC levels were increased in the chrysanthemum group on the fourth day ( P < 0.05 ). Chrysanthemum extract has the effects of scavenging oxygen free radicals and antioxidation and has a neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Properties of the Extract of Chrysanthemum on Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Zhu

Qian

Xu-dong

et al. 2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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“…To date, BACTRAC samples identified within-patient acid-base changes, electrolyte chemistry, and changes in gene and protein expression in intracranial blood with systemic blood as internal comparative controls. [17][18][19][20] In this study, we set out to investigate how neuroinflammatory responses relate to these previous findings. We started with the established BACTRAC protocol and further developed this protocol to isolate leukocytes for flow cytometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of leukocyte populations in intracranial blood collected during mechanical thrombectomy

Shaw

Maglinger

Ujas

et al. 2021

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Using standard techniques during mechanical thrombectomy, the Blood and Clot Thrombectomy Registry and Collaboration (BACTRAC) protocol (NCT03153683) isolates intracranial arterial blood distal to the thrombus and proximal systemic blood in the carotid artery. We augmented the current protocol to study leukocyte subpopulations both distal and proximal to the thrombus during human stroke (n = 16 patients), and from patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) undergoing angiography for unrelated conditions (e.g. carotid artery stenosis; n = 12 patients). We isolated leukocytes for flow cytometry from small volume (<1 mL) intracranial blood and systemic blood (5–10 mL) to identify adaptive and innate leukocyte populations, in addition to platelets and endothelial cells (ECs). Intracranial blood exhibited significant increases in T cell representation and decreases in myeloid/macrophage representation compared to within-patient carotid artery samples. CD4+ T cells and classical dendritic cells were significantly lower than CVD controls and correlated to within-patient edema volume and last known normal. This novel protocol successfully isolates leukocytes from small volume intracranial blood samples of stroke patients at time of mechanical thrombectomy and can be used to confirm preclinical results, as well as identify novel targets for immunotherapies.

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“…Nevertheless, there were still some limitations on our study. Firstly, changes in electrolyte balance have been claimed to play a role in the pathophysiology of ischemic event (35). Clinical data found that a modified serum electrolyte pattern characterized by hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia was more common than hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia in stroke patients (36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack

Wang

Tian

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Abnormal electrolytes were closely related to the prognosis of various diseases, the prognostic role of electrolytes in stroke has not been investigated well. We aimed to investigate the association between electrolytes and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods: Data were recruited from the China National Stroke Registry III study. Patients were classified into three groups according to tertiles and the normal range of each electrolyte. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regressions were adopted to explore the associations of electrolytes with poor functional outcomes [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 3-6/2-6] and all-cause death at 3 months and 1 year.Results: A total of 10,299 eligible patients were enrolled. After adjusted for confounding factors, the first tertile electrolytes were associated with increased risk of poor functional outcome (mRS score 3-6) at 1 year, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.33 (1.14-1.55) for potassium, 1.41 (1.20-1.60) for sodium, 1.27 (1.08-1.48) for chloride, compared with the second tertile. Similar results were found when poor functional outcome was defined as mRS score 2-6 and all-cause death. However, almost no significant association was present of calcium with these outcomes. All results were consistent when each electrolyte was classified into three groups according to the normal range and the outcomes timepoint was set at 3 months.Conclusions: Lower levels of potassium, sodium, chloride but not calcium were associated with higher risk of poor functional outcomes and death in patients with AIS or TIA.

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Acid–Base and Electrolyte Changes Drive Early Pathology in Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Protective Properties of the Extract of Chrysanthemum on Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Protective Properties of the Extract of Chrysanthemum on Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Isolation and identification of leukocyte populations in intracranial blood collected during mechanical thrombectomy

Electrolytes and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack

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