Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application

Ouadrhiri, Faiçal El; Saleh, Ebraheem Abdu Musad; Husain, Kakul; Adachi, Abderrazzak; Hmamou, Anouar; Hassan, Ismail; Moharam, M. M.; Lahkimi, Amal

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104872

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 87 publications

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“…Hence, the peak of OH in the DPSAC spectrum became broader (centered at 3365 cm −1 ) due to its absorptivity compared to other bonds, further supporting its abundance on the surface of the activated carbon. Hydrothermal treatment and the application of KOH/NaOH chemical activators have been reported to enrich the surface of the AC with oxygen-containing functional groups 38 . However, peaks for C–H alkyls, typically at 2800–2990 cm −1 , were disappeared due to carbonization to activate carbon in which the aromatic structure is dominant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption

Aloud,

Alharbi,

Hameed

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Date palm stones are regarded as possible alternatives to activated carbon (AC) precursors with high potential for various environmental applications. In this research study, date palm stones derived activated carbon (DPSAC) was used as adsorbent for removing toxic remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR). The synthesis of DPSAC involved a chemical treatment using KOH and NaOH (1:1). Characterization of DPSAC revealed that it exhibited a BET surface area of 715.30 m2/g, Langmuir surface area of 1061.93 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.39 cm3/g, and average pore diameter of 2.15 nm. Adsorption uptake of RBBR increased (from 24.54 to 248.54 mg/g), whereas the removal percentage decreased (from 98.16 to 82.85%) when the initial RBBR concentration increased (from 25 to 300 mg/L). The adsorption process performed best under acidic conditions (pH 3), with an RBBR uptake of 98.33 mg/g. Because of the high R2 values (0.9906 and 0.9779) and low average errors (6.24 and 13.95%), this adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order (PFO) models, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Qm) was 319.63 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were − 11.34 kJ/mol for ∆H° (exothermic in nature), 0.05 kJ/mol K for ∆S° (increasing randomness level at solid–liquid interface), − 27.37 kJ/mol for ∆G° (spontaneous), and 6.84 kJ/mol for Ea (controlled by physisorption).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption

Aloud,

Alharbi,

Hameed

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology

Roslan,

Zainol,

Bikane

et al. 2024

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Iron-doped catalyst synthesis in heterogeneous Fenton like process for dye degradation and removal: optimization using response surface methodology

Adachi,

El Ouadrhiri,

Saleh

et al. 2023

SN Appl. Sci.

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Iron-doped hydrochar can effectively remove the methyl orange dye (MO). In this study, iron-doped hydrochar (5% Fe@BC) was successfully synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process, using FeSO4.7H2O and sawdust. It was subsequently employed for MO removal. The characterization of the synthesized Fenton-like catalyst (5% Fe@BC) was conducted, using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques to confirm the presence of iron species. The effects of different operating parameters such as catalyst mass, H2O2 concentration, solution pH, organic pollutant concentration, and reaction temperature have been examined. The Box-Behnken design combined with three factors: catalyst mass X1, temperature X2, organic pollutant concentration X3. The response surface methodology coupled with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the key variables and response. With this approach, an exhaustive assessment of the variables influencing the optimization process was performed. A significant quadratic model was generated through analysis of variance with a P-value of 0.0001 and an R2 of 0.99. This confirms a strong relationship between the variables and the response, as well as a high level of model predictability. The optimum conditions were achieved with a catalyst mass of 0.5 g/L, a temperature of 35.5 °C, and an MO concentration of 50 mg/L. The result indicates that 93% of the discoloration efficiency was achieved within 60 min under the optimal conditions. Iron doping in the (5% Fe@BC) plays a crucial role in the degradation and removal of MO. Therefore, the 5% Fe@BC prepared from sawdust and iron salts (FeSO4·7H2O) through a two-step HTC process is an inexpensive and effective catalyst for removing organic pollutant from aqueous solutions, using heterogeneous Fenton-like process.

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Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application

Cited by 15 publications

References 87 publications

Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption

Production of activated carbon from date palm stones by hydrothermal carbonization and microwave assisted KOH/NaOH mixture activation for dye adsorption

Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge for hydrochar production: optimization of operating conditions using Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology

Iron-doped catalyst synthesis in heterogeneous Fenton like process for dye degradation and removal: optimization using response surface methodology

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