Acid and ferric sulfate bioleaching of uranium ores: A review #

Kaksonen, Anna H.; Lakaniemi, Aino–Maija; Tuovinen, Olli H.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121586

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…Initially (1-18 d), the total Fe concentration in the leaching solution remained stable, then slowly increased in the second stage (18-42 d), rapidly increased in the third stage (42-54 d) and finally entered the stationary phase (54-74 d) (Figure 3a). In the control group, the same trend was observed except that the Fe concentration was lower, suggesting the oxidation of sulfur and iron speciation have an impact on the leaching of Fe [33,34]. In a natural environment, a coal gangue dump often experiences spontaneous combustion with pyrite oxidation via air and moisture as the main chemical reaction [35].…”

Section: Metal Ions Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Bioleaching Coal Gangue with a Mixed Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Minerals

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A mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans isolated from a coal gangue dump was used to bioleach coal gangue in a column reactor to investigate the leaching of elements. The changes of metal ions (Fe, Mn and Cr) and sulfate in the leaching solution, elemental composition, mineral components and sulfur speciation of the coal gangue before and after bioleaching were analyzed by atomic absorption, anion chromatography, XRF, XRD and XPS. The results show that the mixed culture could promote the release of metal ions in coal gangue, with a leaching concentration of Fe > Mn > Cr. EC and Eh have significantly increased with the increase of metal ion concentrations in the leaching solution. XRF analyses show that the contents of Fe, Mn and S decreased in coal gangue after bioleaching. XRD results suggest that the bioleaching has impacts on minerals in coal gangue, particularly the Fe-containing components. XPS analyses show that sulfur speciation in the raw gangue samples was associated with sulfate, dibenzothiophene and pyrite sulfur. After continuous leaching by the mixed culture, the total sulfur, pyrite sulfur and sulfate sulfur in coal gangue decreased from 2.06% to 1.18%, 0.66% to 0.14% and 1.02% to 0.52%. The desulfurization rates of the pyrite and sulfate were 78.79% and 49.02 %. It is concluded that the mixed culture of these two microorganisms could effectively leach metals from coal gangue coupling with the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate. This study has provided fundamental information as a potential application in the recovery of valuable metals from coal gangue or environmental remediation related to gangue in the future.

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Section: Metal Ions Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Bioleaching Coal Gangue with a Mixed Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Minerals

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“…Due to mild operation conditions and relative simplicity of the process, bioleaching could be more costefficient and environmentally friendly process compared to the currently applied physicochemical methods [10][11][12]. Acidophilic bioleaching, which is commercially utilized to leach metals from sulfidic minerals [13], would require addition of sulfur source and pH adjustment to a pH of 2.0 or below [14], while spent NiMH batteries as a nonsulfidic secondary metal source with alkaline nature could be more amenable to heterotrophic bioleaching [15,16]. Heterotrophic microorganisms such as G. oxydans and S. pilosus can utilize organic carbon sources such as glucose to produce organic acids such as gluconic acid and pyruvic acid, respectively [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Phosphorous Source on Organic Acid Production and Heterotrophic Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements and Base Metals from Spent Nickel-Metal-Hydride Batteries

Rasoulnia

Barthen

Valtonen

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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This study investigated heterotrophic bioleaching of rare earth elements (REEs) and base metals from spent nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries. Furthermore, the impacts of phosphorous source [Ca3(PO4)2, KH2PO4 and K2HPO4] and its concentration on organic acid production by Gluconobacter oxydans and Streptomyces pilosus were evaluated. Phosphorous source affected microbial acid production and metal leaching. Among the studied phosphorous sources, use of K2HPO4 resulted in highest organic acid production by both bacteria. Increasing K2HPO4 concentration from 2.7 to 27 mM enhanced pyruvic acid production by S. pilosus from 2.2 to 10.7 mM. However, no metal was leached from the spent NiMH batteries with S. pilosus using either one-step, two-step or spent-medium bioleaching. With G. oxydans, highest gluconic acid concentration of 45.0 mM was produced at the lowest K2HPO4 concentration of 2.7 mM. When using two-step bioleaching with G. oxydans, higher leaching efficiencies were obtained for base metals (88.0% vs. 68.0% Fe, 41.5% vs. 35.5% Co, 18.5% vs 16.5% Ni), while more REEs were leached using spent-medium bioleaching (9.0% vs. 6.0% total REEs). With both bioleaching methods, base metals leaching was faster than that of REEs. Surplus of phosphorous should be avoided in bioleaching cultures as precipitation especially with REEs is possible. Graphic Abstract

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“…To achieve selective metal leaching, environmentally sound cost-effective and easyto-use technologies are required. These technologies include biohydrometallurgical approaches (particularly, bioleaching/biooxidation) that are applied at industrial mining and metallurgical enterprises worldwide for the recovery of metals from sulfidic raw materials [3][4][5][6]. These bio-approaches are based on the activity of communities of acidophilic chemolithotrophic microorganisms that oxidize ferrous iron, elemental sulfur (S 0 ), reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs), and sulfide minerals [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on Biobeneficiation of Bulk Copper-Nickel Concentrate with Thermoacidophilic Microbial Communities

Panyushkina

Фомченко

Babenko

et al. 2021

Metals

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Bioleaching of the bulk copper–nickel sulfide concentrate was proposed as a method to remove nickel from it and to obtain a concentrate containing copper as chalcopyrite. This approach is based on the different refractoriness of sulfide minerals in ferric sulfate solutions and oxidation by acidophilic microorganisms. The bulk concentrate contained 10.8% copper in the form of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and 7.2% nickel that occurred in pentlandite ((Ni,Fe)9S8) and violarite (FeNi2S4). Three microbial communities grown at 35, 40, and 50 °C were used for bioleaching. The microbial community at 40 °C was the most diverse in the genus and species composition. At all temperatures of the process, the key roles in bioleaching belonged to mixotrophic and heterotrophic acidophiles. The highest levels of nickel leaching of 97.2 and 96.3% were observed in the case of communities growing at 40 and 50 °С, respectively. At the same time, the bioleach residue, which could be characterized as a marketable high-grade copper (chalcopyrite) concentrate, was obtained only at 40 °С. This solid contained 15.6% copper and 0.54% nickel. Thus, the biobeneficiation of bulk sulfide concentrates can be a promising field of biohydrometallurgy.

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Acid and ferric sulfate bioleaching of uranium ores: A review #

Cited by 79 publications

References 251 publications

Bioleaching Coal Gangue with a Mixed Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Bioleaching Coal Gangue with a Mixed Culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Impacts of Phosphorous Source on Organic Acid Production and Heterotrophic Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements and Base Metals from Spent Nickel-Metal-Hydride Batteries

Effect of Temperature on Biobeneficiation of Bulk Copper-Nickel Concentrate with Thermoacidophilic Microbial Communities

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