Acid-activated Sodium Bentonite and Kaolin Clay: Comparative Study by Physicochemical Properties

Kumar, Awinash; Lingfa, Pradip

doi:10.2174/1386207323666200311114349

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among the most common natural clays used for the development of oral care products are kaolin clays, which are composed of kandite groups with TO structures and nonexpanding clays; easily dispersed in water or other solutions; and soft and whitely soft. The commercial influence of kaolin is due to its brightness, glossiness, viscosity, and abrasiveness 16 . The clay‐sized kaolin consists of only 4% quartz and approximately 90% clay minerals (i.e., kaolinite Al 2 O 7 SiO 2 ·2H 2 O, Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ·2H 2 O, and Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ·(OH) 4 ) with very soft (Mohs hardness: ∼2.5) but also small (≤2 μm) clay minerals (i.e., ∼90% kaolinite) and little quartz (∼4%) 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 This mineral is formed from hydrated aluminum silicates, such as kaolinite and halloysite, which present special features that allow them to be used in cosmetics, paper, ceramics, and paints' manufacture. [14][15][16][17] Mica straws, feldspar grains, iron oxides, and titanium are some other substances that can be found as impurities. One study pointed out that toothpaste formulations added with clay minerals as abrasive compounds led to more effective enamel surface polishing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the natural clay known as kaolin was added to a formulation 13 . This mineral is formed from hydrated aluminum silicates, such as kaolinite and halloysite, which present special features that allow them to be used in cosmetics, paper, ceramics, and paints' manufacture 14–17 . Mica straws, feldspar grains, iron oxides, and titanium are some other substances that can be found as impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of toothpaste formulations containing mineral clays as abrasive agents and their effects on the physical properties of dental enamel

Gonçalves,

da Silva,

Aguiar

et al. 2024

J Esthet Restor Dent

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To assess the physical properties and topographical aspect of dental enamel's surface microhardness (KHN), surface roughness (Ra), and color parameters CIELAB (∆Eab*), CIEDE 2000 (∆E00), and whiteness index for dentistry (∆WID) after toothbrushing with experimental toothpaste formulations with the following mineral clay types: kaolin, Sparclay SGY, and Tersil CGY used as abrasive component. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for topographical analyses purposes. A total of 96 bovine incisors were used in the experiment. They were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 12), namely: NC—negative control (no treatment), CT12—Colgate Total 12®, CMP—Colgate® Máxima Proteção Anticáries, K—kaolin experimental toothpaste, SGY—Sparclay SGY experimental toothpaste; CGY—Tersil CGY experimental toothpaste, SD—SiO2 experimental toothpaste, and CC—CaCO3 experimental toothpaste. All samples were subjected to mechanical brushing protocol with 5000 cycles and kept in artificial saliva with daily exchanges. KHN was analyzed through the mixed linear model for repeated measures over time. Ra was analyzed through nonparametric Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests to compare the groups. Paired Wilcoxon test was run to compare experimental times. ∆WID, ∆Eab*, and ∆E00 were analyzed through Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests. All analyses were performed in R* software, at 5% significance level. EXP_SGY recorded higher KHN than EXP_SiO2 and EXP_CaCO3, whereas EXP_K showed increased Ra in comparison to CMP (p = 0.0229). ∆Eab and ∆E00 were significantly higher in the CT12, EXP_SiO2, and EXP_CaCO3 groups than in the NC and EXP_K (p < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in ∆WID (p = 0.0852). According to SEM results, toothbrushing with experimental toothpastes added with mineral clay types did not have significant impact on enamel's polishing and smoothness.Clinical RelevanceMineral clays have a broad application in the cosmetic industry, and recently, they have been used in the formulation of vegan toothpaste.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of toothpaste formulations containing mineral clays as abrasive agents and their effects on the physical properties of dental enamel

Gonçalves,

da Silva,

Aguiar

et al. 2024

J Esthet Restor Dent

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Table II. XRD data and crystallite sizes of untreated and base-treated sodium bentonite (25)(26)(27) Table III. EDAX elemental analysis of untreated and base-treated sodium bentonite…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscope/ Energy Dispersive X-ray Analys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Base-Activated Sodium Bentonite Clay: Mutated Characteristics and Industrial Slant

Kumar¹,

Lingfa²

2022

ECS Trans.

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The industry approach for natural montmorillonite clay has been reported. Modified clays have enhanced physicochemical properties with good acceptance characteristics for different types of industries, such as cement, pharmaceutical, paper, rubber, wood, and waste recycling processes. This innovative work deals with the promising behavior of mutated sodium bentonite concerning the elemental, thermal, structural, and morphological study. In this research, commercial sodium bentonite clay has been activated with 4M of sodium hydroxide. Characterization techniques of SEM/EDAX, FT-IR, XRD,TGA, and DTA/DSC have been reported to investigate mutated characteristics after the base activation. At atmospheric conditions, samples refluxed and calcined at 105ºC and 500ºC respectively for three hours. Anhydride, carboxylic acid, andalkyl halides have been removed after base treatment. The XRD data reveals that the crystallite size (average) is more than three times than the parental after mutation. The atomic and weight percentage of silicates have been improved respectively from 45.4% to 53.02% and 41.87% to 62.85%. Morphology shows an untreated sample has an unsymmetrical bed type layer that has been improved and a bunch of similar structure molecules has been found similar to the fibers. A sharp and smooth fall has been recorded due to perennial loss of hydroxyl groups and hydration water at 100ºC. The modified structure of the commercial sodium bentonite has a prominent behavior relevant to the different industrial aspects. The thermal analysis also satisfies that the different and useful micro structure is developed after base activation.

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“…Due to the negative charge of hydroxyl groups at the edge of bentonite, which is a type of layered silicate clay mineral, it is simple to generate intermolecular hydrogen bonds with hydrophilic media. In addition, the presence of inorganic cations allows the formation of stable silicate layers by van der Waals force. − As a natural mineral, bentonite has a high cation exchange capacity and is environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and simple to get. − As a result, it can be used to adsorb various harmful chemicals in soil, water, and the air. − Currently, there are two types of bentonite modification techniques: one is activation, ,− and the other is adding organic − or inorganic compounds, , or both organic and inorganic compounds at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

et al. 2022

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Excessive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) result in serious eutrophication of water. In this study, magnesium modified acid bentonite was prepared by the impregnation method, and nitrogen and phosphorus were simultaneously removed by the magnesium ammonium phosphate method (MAP), which solved the problem of the poor adsorption capacity of bentonite. The morphology and structure of MgO-SBt were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XPS, BET, etc. The results show that the acidified bentonite can increase the distance between bentonite layers, the layer spacing is expanded to 1.560 nm, and the specific surface area is expanded to 95.433 m 2 /g. After Mg modification, the characteristic peaks of MgO appear at 2θ of 42.95°, 62.31°, and 78.72°, indicating that MgO has been successfully loaded and that MgO bonded to the surface and interior pores of the acidified bentonite, boosting adsorption performance. When the dosage of MgO-SBt is 0.25 g/L, pH = 9, and N/P ratio is 5:1, the maximum adsorption capacity of MgO-SBt for N and P can reach 193.448 mg/g and 322.581 mg/g. In addition, the mechanism of the simultaneous adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by MgO-SBt was deeply characterized by the kinetic model, isothermal adsorption model, and thermodynamic model. The results showed that the simultaneous adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by MgO-SBt was chemisorption and a spontaneous exothermic process.

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Acid-activated Sodium Bentonite and Kaolin Clay: Comparative Study by Physicochemical Properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Development of toothpaste formulations containing mineral clays as abrasive agents and their effects on the physical properties of dental enamel

Development of toothpaste formulations containing mineral clays as abrasive agents and their effects on the physical properties of dental enamel

Base-Activated Sodium Bentonite Clay: Mutated Characteristics and Industrial Slant

Simultaneous Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sewage by Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Method with Magnesium-Loaded Bentonite

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