Acid Activated fly Ash, as a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Acetic Acid

Sharma, Anita; Katara, Stuti; Kabra, Sakshi; Rani, Ashu

doi:10.15373/2249555x/apr2013/12

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…74 Figure 11(d) shows the sample modified by acetic acid (WM-A 15%), the smooth Cenospheres of original fly ash are broken down into small particles with undefined shapes. 75 Figure 11(g) illustrates the porous microstructure after the ball milling process (BM-1) where the particles are fully broken down and completely mixed with each other. 72 Figure 11(i) shows that after sonochemical treatment (SC-1), agglomeration of particles can be seen with no spaces between particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident from Figure (c) that the NaOH used in the synthesized sample (WM-B 5%) was responsible for the alkali activation of the original fly ash which led to the conversion and aggregation of the previously smooth Cenospheres leading to enhanced surface roughness with a needle-like structure Figure (d) shows the sample modified by acetic acid (WM-A 15%), the smooth Cenospheres of original fly ash are broken down into small particles with undefined shapes Figure (g) illustrates the porous microstructure after the ball milling process (BM-1) where the particles are fully broken down and completely mixed with each other …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture

et al. 2019

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CO 2 capture at high temperature through calcium looping is a capable technology for the implementation of carbon capture and storage. The major drawback of this process is the rapid deactivation of calcium-based sorbent due to sintering and attrition. To reduce these drawbacks, an environmentally friendly and low-cost approach is highly appreciated by researchers. Efforts were made to introduce a cost-effective and eco-friendly method to reduce sintering and enhance capacity by adding fly ash from coal-fired plants, into Ca-based sorbents with acetic acid through sonochemical and ball milling methods. Four different methods of mixing were used, i.e., dry, wet, sonochemical, and ball milling methods. The sorbents were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, TGA, and XRF. Hydration under acidic conditions with Ca-based sorbent using fly ash showed improved capacity and stability rather than under basic conditions. The sonochemical method achieved the highest CaO conversion of 100% in the first two cycles followed by the ball milling method with 99.8% also maintaining stability through the cycles as compared to other methods. The ball milling method achieved higher improvement to not only proper mixing of fly ash and CaO but also a reduction in sizes improved conversion and stability, and thus it can be considered as a green technology for scaled-up CO 2 capture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture

et al. 2019

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“…Las cenizas volantes activadas ácidamente han sido utilizadas como un catalizador solido ácido en algunas reacciones de esterificación. (Sharma, Katara, Kabra, & Rani, 2011) así como en la adsorción de fenol y p-nitrofenol, mostrado en la Tabla 2-2.…”

Section: ▪ Activación áCidaunclassified

Adsorptive removal of organics from aqueous phase by acid-activated coal fly ash: preparation, adsorption, and Fenton regenerative valorization of “spent” adsorbent

Wang

Hao

Chen

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Raw coal fly ash was activated to an adsorbent by sulfuric acid impregnation. The activation condition, the adsorption capacity, and the regenerative valorization of the adsorbent were studied. The results show that the optimal preparation conditions of the adsorbent are [HSO] = 1 mol L, activation time = 30 min, the ratio of coal fly ash to acid = 1:20 (g:mL), calcination temperature = 100 °C. The adsorption of p-nitrophenol on the adsorbent accords with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the adsorption rate constant is 0.089 g mg min. The adsorption on this adsorbent can be considered enough after 35 min, when the corresponding adsorption capacity is 1.07 mg g (85.6% of p-nitrophenol removal). Compared with raw coal fly ash, the adsorbent has a stable adsorption performance at low pH range (pH = 1-6) and the adsorption of p-nitrophenol is an exothermic process. Ninety minutes is required for the regenerative valorization of saturated adsorbent by Fenton process. The regenerative valorization for this saturated adsorbent can reach 89% under the optimal proposed conditions (30 °C, pH = 3, [HO] = 5.0 mmol L, [Fe] = 5.5 mmol L). Within 15 experimental runs, the adsorbent has a better and better stability with the increase of experimental runs. Finally, the mechanism of activating coal fly ash is proposed, being verified by the results of the SEM and BET test.

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“…Fly ash contains silica, alumina, iron and alkali metals [31]. Fly ash has been used as a catalyst in chemical reactions [32,33]. In this study, we report the cracking of LDPE using fly ash as catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Hospital Low Density Polyethylene Waste into Hydrocarbons Using Fly Ash as Catalyst

umar¹,

Saravanan²,

Gopalakrishnan³

2014

IJETT

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Hydrocarbons have been obtained from waste saline bottles, made of low density polyethylene (LDPE), by degradation using fly ash as catalyst. When cat/pol ratio was 0.1 97% degradation was observed with 75 % of oil formation. Increase in cat/pol ratio reduced the amount oil formed and increased the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons. Increase in cat/pol ratio reduced the reaction temperature and reaction time. The oil obtained was fractionated into the following four fractions viz., fraction boiling below 100 C, fraction boiling in the range 100 -150 C, fraction boiling in the range 150 -200 C and fraction boiling above 200 C. In all cause the major fraction is that one boiling in the range 100 -150 C. The GCMS spectrum of this fractions shows that it contains large hydrocarbons with 4-9 carbons atoms. The physico-chemical properties of the three fractions boiling within 200 C suggested that they can be used as substitute for diesel. The flame temperature of the flame produced by the burning gas was highest when cat/pol ratio was 0.2.

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Acid Activated fly Ash, as a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Acetic Acid

Cited by 7 publications

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Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture

Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture

Adsorptive removal of organics from aqueous phase by acid-activated coal fly ash: preparation, adsorption, and Fenton regenerative valorization of “spent” adsorbent

Conversion of Hospital Low Density Polyethylene Waste into Hydrocarbons Using Fly Ash as Catalyst

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Acid Activated fly Ash, as a Novel Solid Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Acetic Acid

Cited by 7 publications

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Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO2 Capture

Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO2 Capture

Adsorptive removal of organics from aqueous phase by acid-activated coal fly ash: preparation, adsorption, and Fenton regenerative valorization of “spent” adsorbent

Conversion of Hospital Low Density Polyethylene Waste into Hydrocarbons Using Fly Ash as Catalyst

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Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture

Effect of Different Activation Processes on CaO/Fly Ash Mixture for CO₂ Capture