Achromobacter xylosoxidans Pneumonia in a Young Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease—a Case-Based Review

Achromobacter xylosoxidans Purulent Bronchitis in a Previously Healthy Child: An Unexpected Consequence of COVID-19 Infection

“…Due to its adaptability to survive in diverse environments, it was isolated in supposedly sterile hospital equipment such as respirators, humidifiers, ultrasound gels, etc. In a similar way to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacterium possesses a denitrification system, enabling its survival and biofilm synthesis in hypoxic and anoxic airways of CF patients [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Other adaptive mechanisms leading to bacterium's deleterious pathogenicity include hypermutability, microevolution, and subsequent ability to withstand fluctuating environmental conditions in CF lungs [6].…”

“…It is widely spread in aqueous environments but is also known to be a nosocomial colonizer. This emerging pathogen is becoming increasingly detected in respiratory specimens of adults and children with underlying lung conditions and/or immunodeficiency disorders, cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most commonly associated disease [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Recent data in pediatric CF patients show a strong correlation between A. xylosoxidans acquisition and faster lung function decline, more frequent hospitalizations, and the need for antibiotic courses [1].…”