Achieving the ideal properties for vascular bypass grafts using a tissue engineered approach: a review

Abstract

The multiple demands placed on small calibre cardiovascular bypass grafts have meant that a synthetic prosthesis with good long-term patency has not been developed. A tissue-engineered graft could fulfil the ideal characteristics present in an artery. However, the great disadvantage of such a conduit is the time necessary for maturation leading to unacceptable delays once the decision to intervene surgically has been made. This maturation process is essential to produce a graft which can withstand haemodynamic stress. Once implanted, the tissue-engineered graft can contract in response to immediate haemodynamic conditions and remodel in the long term. We review the latest tissue engineering approaches used to give the favourable properties of mechanical strength, arterial compliance, low thrombogenicity, long-term resistance towards biodegradation as well as technological advances which shorten the time required for production of an implantable graft.

Enhancing mesenchymal stem cell response using uniaxially stretched poly(ε-caprolactone) film micropatterns for vascular tissue engineering application

“…3 However, current vascular TE gras remain limited by mismatched compliance, thrombogenicity and/or inappropriate burst strength. 2,4 A suitable scaffold for engineered, autologous and commercially available vascular gras has yet to be developed.…”

“…S1 †). 2,4 Furthermore, our previous study demonstrated that the micropatterns of UX HP -PCL had enhanced stability against erosive environments; 26 thus, they could provide long-term cell regulation for the engineered vascular TE scaffolds even aer implantation in vivo. In short, the UX HP -PCL-based vascular TE scaffold possessed unique mechano-and bio-functions.…”

Endothelial Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

“…The majority of work involves mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow aspiration and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) obtained from blood. Each of these cell types have been used to line vascular scaffolds in the creation of a tissue engineered bypass graft [1][2][3], as well as in various strategies to promote therapeutic angiogenesis in the coronary and peripheral circulations [4][5][6][7]. Although these cells are appropriate for vascular tissue engineering, their availability in patients most likely to benefit from this technology raises practical concerns.…”

Scaffolds and Cell-Based Tissue Engineering for Blood Vessel Therapy

“…Compared with dissociated human CB-MSC and spheroid human CB-MSC transplantation to the ischemic mouse hind limb, human CB-MSCs were shown to significantly improve the survival of transplanted cells by suppressing apoptosis signaling while activating antiapoptotic signaling [Bhang et al, 2012]. In spite of this, enhancing factors such as elastin, collagen or fibronectin must be coated prior to cell seeding to enhance cell attachment [Sarkar et al, 2007].…”