Achieving highly stable Li–O<sub>2</sub> battery operation by designing a carbon nitride-based cathode towards a stable reaction interface

Lou, Peili; Cui, Zhonghui; Guo, Xiangxin

doi:10.1039/c7ta05009g

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Figure 5a shows the XPS results of the cycled cathodes. It is reasonable to assume that Li 45 From this, it can be concluded that Li 2 O 2 or Li 2−x O 2 dominates the peak of Li 1s (Figure 5a). The minor peaks referring to Li 2 CO 3 (i.e., 55.5 eV) are also observable in view of a potential side reaction from the electrolyte decomposition in the presence of Li 2 O 2 , 14 although the surface modification of Si is thought to significantly alleviate the side reaction associated with carbon oxidation.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries

Lin

Cui

Sun

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The formation and decomposition of lithium peroxides (LiO) during cycling is the key process for the reversible operation of lithium-oxygen batteries. The manipulation of such products from the large toroidal particles about hundreds of nanometers to the ones in the scale of tens of nanometers can improve the energy efficiency and the cycle life of the batteries. In this work, we carry out an in situ morphology tuning of LiO by virtue of the surface properties of the n-type Si-modified aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes. With the introduction of an n-type Si coating layer on the CNT surface, the morphology of LiO formed by discharge changes from large toroidal particles (∼300 nm) deposited on the pristine CNT cathodes to nanoparticles (10-20 nm) with poor crystallinity and plenty of lithium vacancies. Beneficial from such changes, the charge overpotential dramatically decreases to 0.55 V, with the charge plateau lying at 3.5 V even in the case of a high discharge capacity (3450 mA h g) being delivered, resulting in the high electrical energy efficiency approaching 80%. Such an improvement is attributed to the fact that the introduction of the n-type Si coating layer changes the surface properties of CNTs and guides the formation of nanosized amorphous-like lithium peroxides with plenty of defects. These results demonstrate that the cathode surface properties play an important role in the formation of products formed during the cycle, providing inspiration to design superior cathodes for the Li-O cells.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries

Lin

Cui

Sun

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. [ 144 ]. e First discharge curves of Co 3 O 4 and Ag/g-C 3 N 4 /Co 3 O 4 as catalysts at a current density of 100 mA g −1 f First charge/discharge curves of the Ag/g-C 3 N 4 /Co 3 O 4 as a catalyst at a current density of 500 mA g −1 .…”

Section: Electrochemical Studies Of Cnbms For Energy Storage Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The charge/discharge curve for the composite when cycled at 0.3 mA cm −2 is presented in Fig. 24 d [ 144 ]. Guo and co-workers reported the synthesis of a ternary composite of Co 3 O 4 -modified Ag/g-C 3 N 4 for Li-O 2 .…”

Section: Electrochemical Studies Of Cnbms For Energy Storage Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DFT-Guided Design and Fabrication of Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: A Review

et al. 2020

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Carbon nitrides (including CN, C2N, C3N, C3N4, C4N, and C5N) are a unique family of nitrogen-rich carbon materials with multiple beneficial properties in crystalline structures, morphologies, and electronic configurations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review on these materials properties, theoretical advantages, the synthesis and modification strategies of different carbon nitride-based materials (CNBMs) and their application in existing and emerging rechargeable battery systems, such as lithium-ion batteries, sodium and potassium-ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium oxygen batteries, lithium metal batteries, zinc-ion batteries, and solid-state batteries. The central theme of this review is to apply the theoretical and computational design to guide the experimental synthesis of CNBMs for energy storage, i.e., facilitate the application of first-principle studies and density functional theory for electrode material design, synthesis, and characterization of different CNBMs for the aforementioned rechargeable batteries. At last, we conclude with the challenges, and prospects of CNBMs, and propose future perspectives and strategies for further advancement of CNBMs for rechargeable batteries.

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“…Mater. [66] Wu et al [67] reported that H 2 O 2 reduced the potential of LiOH decomposition, promoted LiOH decomposition, suppressed the formation of LiOH in presence of water. [56] RuO 2 @m-BCN (mesoporous boron-doped carbon nitride) was used as a catalyst and split LiOH at approximately 4 V, which was attributed to its porous structure resulting in good contact of LiOH with RuO 2 catalysts.…”

Section: H 2 O From Ambient Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[56] RuO 2 @m-BCN (mesoporous boron-doped carbon nitride) was used as a catalyst and split LiOH at approximately 4 V, which was attributed to its porous structure resulting in good contact of LiOH with RuO 2 catalysts. [66] Wu et al [67] reported that H 2 O 2 reduced the potential of LiOH decomposition, promoted LiOH decomposition, suppressed the formation of LiOH in presence of water. Meanwhile, LiOH film can also protect the Li anode.…”

Section: H 2 O From Ambient Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress for the Development of Li‐Air Batteries: Addressing Parasitic Reactions Arising from Air Composition

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy & Environ Materials

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Green and renewable resources are more attractive than nonrenewable energy sources, which have been significantly exhausted. In addition, the rapid consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels will result in the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere and other serious environmental problems. [1] To solve these problems, various types of electrochemical energy storage devices have been developed, such as Li-ion batteries, [2][3][4] Na-ion batteries, [5,6] supercapacitors, [7][8][9][10] and others. [11,12] Among these energy storage systems, Li-ion batteries have attracted attention because of their long cycling life and environmental-friendly properties. As Li-ion batteries were commercialized in 1990, they have been widely applied in various fields, especially electronic devices, resulting in the development of portable electronic devices. [2,13] Recently, electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted attention owing to their zero-pollution property. However, EVs using Li-ion battery systems cannot yet challenge the 300-mile range of the average internal combustion engine. It is very urgent to develop alternative high energy storage devices. The theoretical specific energy of a Li-O 2 battery is 3505 Wh kg À1 when the discharge product is Li 2 O 2 , which is five to eight times higher than that of Li-ion batteries. Even considering the mass of the other battery components, including the positive active material, current collector, and outer packing, the actual special energy of Li-O 2 batteries can reach approximately 500-900 Wh kg À1 . In addition, EVs powered by these batteries have a range of up to 550 km, which is tremendously longer than that achievable with other secondary batteries and the average internal combustion engine. [12] Moreover, their positive active material can be obtained directly from the air, which greatly reduces their cost. As a result, the Li-O 2 battery is regarded as a promising next-generation energy storage system.According to the electrolyte, Li-O 2 batteries are classified as three types, that is, aprotic, hybrid aqueous/aprotic, and all-solid-state Li-O 2 batteries. [14][15][16][17] In this article, nonaqueous Li-O 2 batteries will be discussed. We will elaborate on the structure and mechanism of the nonaqueous Li-O 2 battery. It is composed of a porous positive electrode, nonaqueous Li + electrolyte, and Li metal negative electrode. In the discharge process, oxygen receives electrons and is reduced on the positive electrode, which is also called the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The negative metal Li releases electrons to form Li + . Li + moves across the electrolyte, and oxygen combines with the electrons from the external circuit to generate Li 2 O 2 on the cathode surface. Li 2 O 2 decomposes to Li + and O 2 in the charge process, which is the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). [12] Generally, from the respect of reactions on the electrode, electrochemical power sources involve three types, that is, intercalation reaction, conversion reaction, and electrocatalytic reaction (as seen in T...

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Achieving highly stable Li–O₂ battery operation by designing a carbon nitride-based cathode towards a stable reaction interface

Abstract: A ruthenium oxide nanoparticles@porous boron-doped carbon nitride electrode with high stability upon ORR/OER endows the lithium–oxygen batteries with improved cycle performance and energy efficiency.

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries

DFT-Guided Design and Fabrication of Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: A Review

Research Progress for the Development of Li‐Air Batteries: Addressing Parasitic Reactions Arising from Air Composition

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Achieving highly stable Li–O2 battery operation by designing a carbon nitride-based cathode towards a stable reaction interface

Abstract: A ruthenium oxide nanoparticles@porous boron-doped carbon nitride electrode with high stability upon ORR/OER endows the lithium–oxygen batteries with improved cycle performance and energy efficiency.

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O2 Batteries

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O2 Batteries

DFT-Guided Design and Fabrication of Carbon-Nitride-Based Materials for Energy Storage Devices: A Review

Research Progress for the Development of Li‐Air Batteries: Addressing Parasitic Reactions Arising from Air Composition

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Achieving highly stable Li–O₂ battery operation by designing a carbon nitride-based cathode towards a stable reaction interface

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries

Formation of Nanosized Defective Lithium Peroxides through Si-Coated Carbon Nanotube Cathodes for High Energy Efficiency Li–O₂ Batteries