Abstract:In the present work, a CuCrZr alloy characterized by ultrafine grains and nanoscale particles was prepared by equalchannel angular pressing (ECAP) at 450°C. A desired combination of a tensile strength (580 MPa) and an electrical conductivity (81% International Annealed Copper Standard) is simultaneously obtained in the as-ECAP-processed CuCrZr alloy without additional aging treatment. The improved properties can be mainly attributed to the ultrafine grains and nanoscale precipitates. This processing may pave a… Show more
“…As shown in Table 2 and Fig. 8, significant improvement in the YS and UTS were observed after processing via 1-P at RT, gradual increase occurred for ensuing passes which is in a good agreement with earlier study [37]. A dramatic increase in the YS (129.5%) and UTS (76%) were recorded after processing through 1-P, coupled with 39% reduction in EL in comparison with AA samples.…”
“…As shown in Table 2 and Fig. 8, significant improvement in the YS and UTS were observed after processing via 1-P at RT, gradual increase occurred for ensuing passes which is in a good agreement with earlier study [37]. A dramatic increase in the YS (129.5%) and UTS (76%) were recorded after processing through 1-P, coupled with 39% reduction in EL in comparison with AA samples.…”
“…These properties are expected since the samples underwent refinement in grain size and a relative increase in HAGBs [60,61] as the number of passes increased; the recorded increase in HV, YS and UTS values after being processed via ECAP confirm this. As observed in Table 3, 1-P processing results in higher YS and UTS, processing any further resulted in a gradual increase in YS and UTS, which agrees with the results of [62]. Drastic increases of (129.5%) and (76%) in YS and UTS, respectively, were noticed after processing through 1-P at RT, alongside a reduction of 39% in the ductility, compared to the AA samples.…”
The current study presents a detailed investigation for the equal channel angular pressing of pure copper through two regimes. The first was equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing at room temperature and the second was ECAP processing at 200 °C for up to 4-passes of route Bc. The grain structure and texture was investigated using electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) across the whole sample cross-section and also the hardness and the tensile properties. The microstructure obtained after 1-pass at room temperature revealed finer equiaxed grains of about 3.89 µm down to submicrons with a high density of twin compared to the starting material. Additionally, a notable increase in the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) density was observed. This microstructure was found to be homogenous through the sample cross section. Further straining up to 2-passes showed a significant reduction of the average grain size to 2.97 µm with observable heterogeneous distribution of grains size. On the other hand, increasing the strain up to 4-passes enhanced the homogeneity of grain size distribution. The texture after 4-passes resembled the simple shear texture with about 7 times random. Conducting the ECAP processing at 200 °C resulted in a severely deformed microstructure with the highest fraction of submicron grains and high density of substructures was also observed. ECAP processing through 4-passes at room temperature experienced a significant increase in both hardness and tensile strength up to 180% and 124%, respectively.
“…Large manufacturers have been evaluating nanostructuring by variations of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for copper [25][26][27] and aluminum 25,[27][28][29] to enhance conductivity, strength, and other properties. For example, 5% IACS increases in electrical conductivity have been reported for ECAP of AA6xxx alloys.…”
Section: Scaling Up To Large Volume Production: Example Of Electrical Conductorsmentioning
Almost 30 years of research elucidating the mechanisms and reproducibility of nanostructuring has enabled the progressive emergence of reliable methods to manufacture bulk nanostructured metallic materials with superior properties. This article reviews examples of the use of nanostructured metals in engineered products that are currently commercially available, or will soon become available for specific biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and energy industry applications. The examples illustrate how the making and marketing of nanostructured materials follow similar development stages as other new advanced materials, but with additional challenges at each stage. Challenges include the difficulties of scaleup, intricacies of nanoscale characterization, the lack of consensus standards for product quality, competition with long-established conventional materials, regulatory hurdles associated with nanoscale technology, and consumer/user education on the virtues and limitations of nanostructuring. Finally, we discuss how the experiences to date with nanostructuring by various methods have established precedents that can guide manufacturing process development for advanced nanostructured metal and alloy applications.
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