Achieving high-performance Li2ZnTi3O8 anode for advanced Li-ion batteries by molybdenum doping

Significant Enhancement in the Electrochemical Performances of a Nanostructured Sodium Titanate Anode by Molybdenum Doping for Applications as Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 phase is reported to have a tunneled structure and formation of this phase only for the MoNTO-15 sample may be explained on the basis of polymorphs stability. It is well known that the Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 phase is layered and highly prone to transform into the more stable tunneled Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 phase as a result of Mo-doping, which can alter the lattice environment, bond strength of Ti 4+ ions, and thereby improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity of the host material. , It is also important to notice that there is no other extra peaks of Mo appeared in the XRD patterns of doped samples, which confirmed that the Mo 6+ ions have partially substituted the Ti 4+ ions without destruction of the original crystal structure and easily altered the local environment in the crystal lattice. Substitution of Mo 6+ in the lattice can also be confirmed from the peak shift of the (200) peak to the lower angle side leading to the expansion of inter-planer spacing, which in turn facilitates the transportation of Na + ions.…”

“…It is well known that the Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 phase is layered and highly prone to transform into the more stable tunneled Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 phase as a result of Mo-doping, which can alter the lattice environment, bond strength of Ti 4+ ions, and thereby improve the intrinsic electronic conductivity of the host material. 21,22 It is also important to notice that there is no other extra peaks of Mo appeared in the XRD patterns of doped samples, which confirmed that the Mo 6+ ions have partially substituted the Ti 4+ ions without destruction of the original crystal structure and easily altered the local environment in the crystal lattice.…”

“…The fitted doublet peaks observed at ∼232.2 and ∼235.3 eV with 3.1 eV spin−orbit splitting, can be ascribed to the Mo 6+ d 5/2 and Mo 6+ d 3/2 , respectively. 22,28 Moreover, the high-resolution O-1s spectrum (Figure 3e) of the MoNTO-15 sample shows two peaks located at ∼529.9 and ∼531.8 eV, which belong to the lattice oxygen of O−Ti and O−C bonds, respectively. Apart from these peaks, there are also two more extra peaks located at ∼533.0 and ∼536.1 eV, which can be ascribed to the oxygen vacancies and sodium auger peak (Na KLL), respectively.…”

An oxygen-deficient Li2ZnTi3O8anode for high-performance lithium storage

“…The presence of the mixed valences of Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ can enhance the electronic conductivity of LZTO. 24,25 The content of Ti 3+ in LZTO-FN is higher than that in LZTO-FA (Table S1 †). So, the electronic conductivity of LZTO-FN is slightly higher than that of LZTO-FA (Table S1 †).…”

Li2ZnTi3O8anode: design from material to electrode and devices

“…However, LZTO suffers low electronic conductivity due to the 3d state of Ti with a band gap energy of 2–3 eV, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. 27,28…”