Achieving global targets for antimicrobial resistance

Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Sridhar, Devi; Blaser, Martin J.; Wang, Minggui; Woolhouse, Mark E. J.

doi:10.1126/science.aaf9286

Cited by 254 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) driven by inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has become a global health problem in recent years (Dryden 2017;Laxminarayan et al 2016;Marston et al 2016;WHO 2002). The problem of these multidrug resistance and undesirable side effects of most antibiotics necessitate the search for new antimicrobial agents of plant origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol from the stem bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i>

Yusuf¹,

Abdullahi²,

Aleku³

et al. 2018

JOMPED

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Background: Natural products play a significant role in human therapy. They represent a huge reservoir of bioactive chemical diversity and help in understanding the cellular pathways that are essential component of drug discovery process. Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol isolated from the stem bark of Neocarya macrophylla. Methods: Stigmasterol previously isolated from the stem bark of N. macrophylla was subjected to antimicrobial screening against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), S. aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Candida krusei using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Results: Susceptibility test results showed that the compound (100 μg/mL) inhibited the growth of all the test organisms with mean zone of inhibition range from 23 mm to 30 mm except the VRE, S. typhi and K. pneumoniae. The activity of stigmasterol was compared with that of ciprofloxacin (5 μg/mL), the standard antibacterial drug, and fluconazole (5 μg/mL), the antifungal agent. The test compound displayed a broad-spectrum of activity, and in many cases exhibited comparable antibacterial activity when compared to ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, the compound also showed antifungal activity against Candida spp., affording comparable inhibitory effect as fluconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of stigmasterol range from 6.25 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL and from 12.5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: These properties suggest that the isolated stigmasterol is a potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agent and as such may serve as a lead compound in the development of novel antimicrobial drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol from the stem bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i>

Yusuf¹,

Abdullahi²,

Aleku³

et al. 2018

JOMPED

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“…It has been demonstrated that macrolide use promoted a marked increase in macrolide resistance of the microbiota [15]. And worse still, abuse and misuse of antibiotics make antibiotic resistance give birth to the 'super bacteria' [57,58]. In one study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, Warrier et al [59] have discovered a novel bacterial drug resistance, antibiotic inactivation via N-methylation.…”

Section: Brief Summary and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Early-Life Antibiotic Use on Gut Microbiota of Infants

Y¹,

T²,

Yuan³

et al. 2017

J Microb Biochem Technol

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“…New opportunities are emerging, such as the Cape Town agreement signed in 2001 (where several stakeholders agreed to improve research and development in the TB field [32,33]) or the recent plan of the United Nations on antimicrobial resistance (focused on a global strategy to mitigate the antimicrobial resistance burden [34]) to impact the MDR-TB epidemic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Group 5 drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: is the glass half full or half empty?

Sotgiu

Migliori

2017

Eur Respir J

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In 2015, 1.2 million individuals were estimated to be TB/HIV co-infected and 580 000 patients were affected by multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB (half of the global cases being in China, the Russian Federation and India), of whom, ∼125 000 were treated with a success rate <60%. Although about 49 million lives have been saved between 2000 and 2015 as a result of the enormous effort by WHO and its partners, much work is ahead us in the future if the United Nations Sustainable Development and End TB Strategy goals are to be reached.The present prevalence of resistance to the available anti-TB drugs plays a crucial role in fighting the MDR-TB epidemic. A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis by Dick Menzies and colleagues, published in the recent past, demonstrated that cases harbouring Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with an extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB profile (i.e. resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, any fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the second-line injectable drugs, amikacin, capreomycin and kanamycin) or with resistance patterns beyond XDR achieve a suboptimal treatment success rate (40% and 20%, respectively) [6][7][8]. Given the difficulty of ensuring, in these severe cases, the minimum number of anti-TB drugs recommended by WHO to design an effective regimen, important discussions are presently taking place on both new and repurposed drugs [9,10].The article by FOX et al. [11] in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) highlights the role of the anti-TB drugs belonging to the (so-called) Group 5; at the time, the 2011 MDR-TB guidelines were still in force. In May of this year, in fact, new WHO guidelines were released, which modified the grouping of second-line anti-TB drugs [12,13]. FOX et al. [11] focuses on the so-called repurposed drugs, such as the antibiotics approved for infections other than TB (e.g. linezolid, carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem), terizidone, thioacetazone,

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Achieving global targets for antimicrobial resistance

Cited by 254 publications

References 14 publications

Antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol from the stem bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i>

Antimicrobial activity of stigmasterol from the stem bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i>

Impact of Early-Life Antibiotic Use on Gut Microbiota of Infants

Group 5 drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: is the glass half full or half empty?

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