“…Industry 4.0 technologies, such as IoT, AI, blockchain, and big data analytics, facilitate communication and collaboration among supply chain partners, leading to leaner and more efficient processes while reducing waste. By integrating digital solutions, smart supply chains become more flexible, agile, and responsive, driving efficiency and promoting circular economy strategies that lead to joint emission reduction decisions, improved profits, and better collaboration among all supply chain members for a multi-win outcome (Mishra, Singh, 2021;Gažová et al, 2022;Yousaf et al, 2023) Integrating lean and agile methodologies has been demonstrated to enhance a firm's performance by offering benefits such as increased efficiency, waste elimination, and rapid adaptation to diverse and unpredictable customer demands (Raji et al, 2021). The primary objective of implementing digital technologies, such as Industry 4.0, is to boost operational efficiency, leading to improved performance (Kohnova, Salajova, 2023).…”