Achieving a Record Fill Factor for Silicon–Organic Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells by Using a Full‐Area Metal Polymer Nanocomposite Top Electrode

Zhu, Juye; Yang, Xi; Yang, Zhenhai; Wang, Dan; Gao, Pingqi; Ye, Jichun

doi:10.1002/adfm.201705425

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…[ 145 ] An FF of 82% surpasses all previous work for CNT‐Si heterojunction solar cells, while being a record for dopant‐free contact architectures, including hole‐selective MoO x and PEDOT based Si solar cells. [ 123c,146 ] We speculated that the high FF was related to the CNTs themselves and that it was a result of their higher carrier mobility. [ 147 ] Due to the work function difference between p‐type CNTs and n‐type silicon a built‐in potential is established and the use of dopants only further enhances the work function of the CNTs and band bending at the interface.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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All other nanotube conformations (0° < θ < 30°) are referred to as being chiral. In this 1D system, circumferential electron confinement results in SWCNTs that are either metallic (m) or semiconducting (s) and the innate ability of small changes in diameter to impart large changes in the spectral position (size) of absorption maxima (bandgap) of the SWCNTs. [1a,2] For each chiral species these maxima appear as sets of discrete excitonic transitions (S 11 , S 22 , S 33 …etc.) in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet and the ability to tune them with structure has made SWCNTs one of the most intensively studied nanomaterials of the past two decades. [3] SWCNTs meet all of the requirements for next generation technology to become flexible and potentially made entirely from carbon to aid disposal at the end of the product life-cycle. Applications for SWCNTs can be found across all fields of science including photonics, [4] telecommunications, [5] batteries, [6] fuel cells, [7] high frequency transistors, [8] biosensors, [9] novel memory devices, [10] molecular contacts, [11] and cancer research. [12] In particular, their chirality dependent bandgap, chemical stability, conductivity, and hole selectivity have made them attractive for new generation solar cells and light sensitive elements. [13] For example, there are 200 species in the dia meter range of 0.6-2 nm, which have first (S 11) and second (S 22) optical transitions ranging from 2.57 eV (visible) to 0.5 eV (near-infrared) and these already cover a majority of the solar spectrum (400-2000 nm), Figure 1d. [14] Being solutionprocessable and fiber-shaped, CNTs can easily be integrated into different types of solar cells with distinct functions. For example, as a photoactive layer in organic solar cell, a transparent electrode in silicon and perovskite solar cells or as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. [15] However, despite their promise, the number of real-world applications for SWCNTs in the photovoltaics (PV) industry continue to remain limited. The reasons for this are manifold and include the comparatively lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device area of SWCNT-based technologies, which drive simple cost-benefit arguments to retool existing production lines, ongoing challenges to orientate and control the structure of CNT films in a scalable manner, spurious health concerns associated with the use of CNTs [16] and importantly, the fact that it is still not possible to selectively synthesize SWCNTs of arbitrarily defined chirality. Most synthesis methods produce a 2:1 mixture of many semiconducting and metallic chiral types and even the CoMoCAT synthesis process, [17] which is well known to be highly enriched in small diameter (6,5), still contains at least 15 other chiral species in low concentration. Research efforts to achieve chiral specific growth are ongoing The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in photovoltaics could have significant ramifications on the commercial solar cell market. Three interrelated research directions within t...

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Section: Carbon Nanotubes In Silicon Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Wieland

Han

Rust

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…So the silver film thickness can balance the conductivity and transmittance simultaneously to support the growth of homogeneous and continuous ultrathin Ag film by suppressing the 3D island growth mode of Ag on heterogeneous surface. [ 25 ] As presented in Figure a, R ▫ of the bare Ag and MoO x /Ag is decreased with increasing Ag thickness. Compared to the 12 nm thick bare Ag electrode with R ▫ up to 47.8 Ω/▫, the MoO x /Ag (12 nm) electrode exhibits a sharply decreased R ▫ of 8.6 Ω/▫, revealing that the MoO x buffer layer can greatly affect the film structure and hence the electrical property of the ultrathin Ag.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Semitransparent and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells with MoO_x/Ag/WO_x as the Rear Transparent Electrode

Liang

Ying

Lin

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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metal halide perovskites solar cells (PSC) have obtained significant progress with a conversion efficiency rising from 3.8% to 25.2%. [3,4] That outstanding conversion efficiency affords a large room to modulate the light transmittance for semitransparent devices. Moreover, the flexibility, neutral coloring, pleasing appearance, and low fabrication costs of PSCs enable their huge potential in the application of semitransparent solar cells. [5] To construct high-performance transparent PSCs with both high conversion efficiency and high transmittance, it needs both front and rear electrode layers in transparency. The instinct responsibility of front transparent electrodes (FTEs) film deposited on the front glass substrates is to allow the transmittance of solar light, [6-10] and is also more easily deposited in contrast to rear transparent electrodes (RTEs) because the latter films have to be deposited on the underlying perovskite absorber layer. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) like indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine doped tin oxide dominate FTEs in both photovoltaics and optoelectronics fields. [11] Unfortunately, classical TCOs can hardly be employed as RTEs because their depositions generally need high energy or high temperature, which may damage the underlying perovskite and carrier transport layers. [12] A strategy to overcome this problem is to develop alternative RTEs, such Semitransparent solar cells play a crucial role in such typical photovoltaic applications as smart windows, transparent chargeable devices, tandem and bifacial devices, and so on. Relying on the commercial conductive transparent oxides as the front electrodes, the development of rear transparent electrode (RTE) is especially essential. Here, an efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cell (PSC) with the softly deposited transparent MoO x /Ag/WO x (MAW) as the rear electrode is demonstrated. MoO x enables the continuously grown silver ultrathin film while the high-refractive-index WO x capping layer can modulate the whole optical interference and enhance the light transmission throughout the device. As a result, depending on the MAW RTE, the semitransparent normal planar PSC owns the optimal conversion efficiency of 15.40% along with 10.17% in the average visible-light transmission (AVT) simultaneously, which claims the best conversion efficiency of the semitransparent PSCs at such considerable AVT. Combining the optical characterizations, the bifacial performance test of the same device also reveals the uneven absorption due to the different optical interference depending on the light direction, as well as the typical parasitic absorption by the functional layers. This paper paves an alternative and promising way to fabricate high-performance semitransparent optoelectronic devices in the future.

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“…However, there are still some challenges for the application of ultrathin silver films in high performance semitransparent PSCs. First, the 3D growth mode of silver results in separate islands for film thickness below 10 nm, which leads not only low conductivity due to disconnect between parts of the electrode, but also optical loss due to surface plasmonic effect . The smooth and cross‐connecting surface morphology of ultrathin silver film is necessary to realize high performance semitransparent PSCs.…”

Section: Summary Of the Photovoltaic Performances Of The Inverted Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Supersmooth Ta₂O₅/Ag/Polyetherimide Film as the Rear Transparent Electrode for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

Ying

Chen

Lin

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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Semitransparent solar cells have attractedincreasing attention because of their gen eral applications in smart windows for automobiles and buildings, tandem solar cells, electronic chargers, and so on. [1][2][3] Due to facile solution processing and high record efficiency of 23.3% in nontrans parent devices, [4][5][6][7][8] organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are excellent candidates for semitransparent devices, since the efficiency of semi transparent devices is inevitably lower compared to devices with fully reflective electrodes. In a typical semitransparent PSC structure, the rear transparent elec trode (RTE) is one of the key components because it is deposited on the underlying soft active layer. So far, various trans parent conductive electrodes have been investigated as RTEs for semitransparent PSCs, such as transparent conductive oxides, [9] conductive polymers, [10] carbon nanotubes, [11] graphene, [12] metal nano wires, [13,14] metal mesh, [15] ultrathin metal films, [16] and so on. Among them, the ultrathin metal films with the thickness below 10 nm have the advantage in the facile deposition pro cess, as well as low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, and good adhesive strength comparable to other alternatives.The ultrathin silver film exhibits great potential as a low cost, effective RTE material in semitransparent devices. [17][18][19][20] However, there are still some challenges for the application of ultrathin silver films in high performance semitransparent PSCs. First, the 3D growth mode of silver results in separate islands for film thickness below 10 nm, [21] which leads not only low conductivity due to disconnect between parts of the electrode, [22] but also optical loss due to surface plasmonic effect. [23] The smooth and crossconnecting surface morphology of ultrathin silver film is necessary to realize high performance semitransparent PSCs. Second, the band level offset at the silver electrode interface always affects the carrier transport and collection, [24] especially for ultrathin silver electrodes. [25] The chemical interaction at the interface also determines the adhesive strength between silver film and the underlayer, as well as electrode degradation by halide anions and ambientAlthough it exhibits great potential as the rear transparent electrode (RTE) material in semitransparent devices, the ultrathin silver film still faces some significant challenges, such as surface plasmonic effect induced optical loss, the conflict between conductivity and transmittance, and the band level mismatch at device interfaces. In this work, a novel combination of ZrAcac/PEI/Ag/Ta 2 O 5 is employed as the RTE of the semitransparent perovskite solar cells in the planar inverted device structure of "indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/NiO x /MAPbI 3 /PC 61 BM/ZrAcac/PEI/Ag/Ta 2 O 5 ." Interface engineering with ZrAcac/PEI enables a significant increase in the device efficiency for 100 nm thick Ag electrode, from 17.48% to 18.84%. Ultrathin 9 nm Ag film coated on polyetherimide (PE...

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Achieving a Record Fill Factor for Silicon–Organic Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells by Using a Full‐Area Metal Polymer Nanocomposite Top Electrode

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

High‐Performance Semitransparent and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells with MoO_x/Ag/WO_x as the Rear Transparent Electrode

Supersmooth Ta₂O₅/Ag/Polyetherimide Film as the Rear Transparent Electrode for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

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Achieving a Record Fill Factor for Silicon–Organic Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells by Using a Full‐Area Metal Polymer Nanocomposite Top Electrode

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

Carbon Nanotubes for Photovoltaics: From Lab to Industry

High‐Performance Semitransparent and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells with MoOx/Ag/WOx as the Rear Transparent Electrode

Supersmooth Ta2O5/Ag/Polyetherimide Film as the Rear Transparent Electrode for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

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High‐Performance Semitransparent and Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells with MoO_x/Ag/WO_x as the Rear Transparent Electrode

Supersmooth Ta₂O₅/Ag/Polyetherimide Film as the Rear Transparent Electrode for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells