Achievable Energy Flexibility Forecasting of Buildings Equipped With Integrated Energy Management System

Abstract

Buildings' achievable energy flexibility refers to the real load reduction amount in an incentive-based demand response (DR) event, which presents dynamic, subjective, and uncertain characteristics. It is different from the buildings' theoretical energy flexibility, which refers to its physical load reduction potential during a certain time period and is static and certain. The former serves as a foundation in a DR aggregator's market transaction strategy formulation process and thereby calls on the necessity of its accurate forecasting. However, most of the existing literature focuses on the latter one, which is not necessarily equal to the real achievable flexibility. Therefore, to help DR aggregators bid accurately in the ancillary service market, this paper proposes an achievable energy flexibility forecasting method for a building equipped with an integrated energy management system based on the decision tree model. The impact of gas-fired equipment on buildings' achievable-energy-flexibility is also taken into account in the proposed method. The case study indicates that the proposed method exhibits promising performance in forecasting the achievable energy flexibility of a building.

Interoperability Testing for Explicit Demand Response in Buildings

“…The demand response in the residential sector, and in buildings in general, means that we need to make the most out of the flexibility that can be offered by buildings. In [23], the objective is to achieve energy flexibility forecasts for buildings, with the authors proposing a mechanism for that.…”

“…Similar is the case of [13], where interactions among consumers, aggregators, and DSOs are considered, but in terms of the incentives for realising demand response programs; in our work, we examine the interactions from a technical point of view, as well as how flexibility requests and offers can be tackled by the respective actors. On the other hand, whereas energy flexibility forecasting is the subject of research in [23], focus is not given to how the actors interact to achieve the accomplishment of flexibility orders or how the assets store flexibility requests. With respect to projects addressing the residential demand response, as it is clear, they address various topics in the field, like the optimization of locally produced energy, smart energy monitoring infrastructure, load scheduling, and the clustering of different customers, just to name a few.…”

A review on configuration optimization of hybrid energy system based on renewable energy

“…In addition to the influence of equipment characteristics in the hybrid energy system on the flexibility index, the variability of the load side also has an impact on the flexibility index of the hybrid energy system. , Zhang et al (2021) respectively study the flexibility of hybrid energy systems from the perspective of load elasticity and load excitation response. The former's flexibility takes into account the maximum variation range of the load and is a definite value.…”