Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase from Mycoplana ramosa: gene cloning and characterization of the metal-substituted enzyme

Sakurada, Kazuhiro; Ohta, Toshio; Fujishiro, Kinya; Hasegawa, Mamoru; Aisaka, Kazuo

doi:10.1128/jb.178.19.5781-5786.1996

Cited by 43 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2a). This enzymatic property of AphA is consistent with that reported for AphA from Mycoplana ramosa (28). The promoters of aphA and aphB were both induced by exogenous acetylputrescine to a much higher level than that of agmatine in the wild-type strain PAO1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The AphA protein of P. aeruginosa PAO1 exhibits 70% sequence similarity to acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase of Mycoplana ramosa, which requires metals (zinc or cobalt) for its catalytic reaction on a variety of acetylpolyamines, including acetylputrescine (28). To demonstrate the proposed enzymatic activity of AphA, a recombinant form of AphA was overexpressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity, as described in Materials and Methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Analysis of Agmatine and Putrescine Catabolism inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1

et al. 2008

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Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are major organic polycations essential for a wide spectrum of cellular processes. The cells require mechanisms to maintain homeostasis of intracellular polyamines to prevent otherwise severe adverse effects. We performed a detailed transcriptome profile analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to agmatine and putrescine with an emphasis in polyamine catabolism. Agmatine serves as the precursor compound for putrescine (and hence spermidine and spermine), which was proposed to convert into 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) and succinate before entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle in support of cell growth, as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Two acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases, AphA and AphB, were found to be involved in the conversion of agmatine into putrescine. Enzymatic products of AphA were confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. Interestingly, the alanine-pyruvate cycle was shown to be indispensable for polyamine utilization. The newly identified dadRAX locus encoding the regulator alanine transaminase and racemase coupled with SpuC, the major putrescine-pyruvate transaminase, were key components to maintaining alanine homeostasis. Corresponding mutant strains were severely hampered in polyamine utilization. On the other hand, an alternative ␥-glutamylation pathway for the conversion of putrescine into GABA is present in some organisms. Subsequently, GabD, GabT, and PA5313 were identified for GABA utilization. The growth defect of the PA5313 gabT double mutant in GABA suggested the importance of these two transaminases. The succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity of GabD and its induction by GABA were also demonstrated in vitro. Polyamine utilization in general was proven to be independent of the PhoPQ two-component system, even though a modest induction of this operon was induced by polyamines. Multiple potent catabolic pathways, as depicted in this study, could serve pivotal roles in the control of intracellular polyamine levels.Agmatine, a cationic compound derived from arginine decarboxylation, serves as the precursor of three major polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. These polyamines are the major organic polycations found in all living cells. Polyamines have pleiotropic effects on several cellular processes. In more complex organisms, these compounds are required for cell proliferation and differentiation (2). In Escherichia coli, these polycations play significant roles in the structural and functional organization of the chromosome (35). They are implicated in RNA synthesis through the stimulation of the activity of RNA polymerase and in protein synthesis through the stabilization of ribosomal structure and modulation of translational fidelity (9). In addition, polyamines are involved in the induction of recA in E. coli in response to UV or ␥ irradiation (14). Polyamines are thought to protect DNA from oxidative damage by serving as free radical scavengers (7, 13). Some microorganisms also use polyamines for the synthesis of se...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Agmatine and Putrescine Catabolism inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1

et al. 2008

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“…Sources of published sequences : a, van Berkum et al (1996) ; b, Willems & Collins (1993) ;c, van Berkum et al (1998) ; d, Rome et al (1996) ;e, de Lajudie et al (1994) ; f, Nour et al (1994) ; g, Yanagi & Yamasato (1993) ; h, Nour et al (1995) ; i, Wang et al (1999) ; j, Barrera et al (1997) ; k, Sakurada et al (1996) ; l, Hiraishi & Ueda (1994) ; m, Dryden & Kaplan (1990) ; n, Weisburg et al (1989) ;o, Eckloff et al (1994) ; p, Liesack et al (1992) ; q, Borghese et al (1998) ; r, Tybulewicz et al (1984) ; s, Andersson et al (1998) ;t, McGowan et al (1997) ; u, Ronner et al (1991) ;v, Fernandez de Henestrosa et al (1995) ;w, Calero et al (1994) ;x, Dunkin & Wood (1994) ; y, Thompson & Blaser (1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenies of atpD and recA support the small subunit rRNA-based classification of rhizobia.

Gaunt¹,

Turner²,

Rigottier-Gois³

et al. 2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

369

204

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The current classification of the rhizobia (root-nodule symbionts) assigns them to six genera. It is strongly influenced by the small subunit (16S, SSU) rRNA molecular phylogeny, but such single-gene phylogenies may not reflect the evolution of the genome as a whole. To test this, parts of the atpD and recA genes have been sequenced for 25 type strains within the α-Proteobacteria, representing species in Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Agrobacterium, Phyllobacterium, Mycoplana and Brevundimonas. The current genera Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium are well supported by these genes, each forming a distinct phylogenetic clade with unequivocal bootstrap support. There is good support for a Rhizobium clade that includes Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the very close relationship between Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Rhizobium tropici is confirmed. There is evidence for recombination within the genera Mesorhizobium and Sinorhizobium, but the congruence of the phylogenies at higher levels indicates that the genera are genetically isolated. rRNA provides a reliable distinction between genera, but genetic relationships within a genus may be disturbed by recombination. Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, recA, atpD Keywords : INTRODUCTIONThe rhizobia are root-nodulating bacteria responsible for a significant part of the global fixation of nitrogen. The ability of rhizobia to nodulate plants and reduce N # is conferred by genes that are plasmid-borne in many species (Pueppke, 1996), and the lateral transfer The atpD and recA sequences and details of the SimPlot analyses are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online (http :// ijs.sgmjournals.org/ ).Abbreviations : HKY85, Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model ; K2P, Kimura's two-parameter model ; SSU, small subunit rRNA.The EMBL accession numbers for the sequences reported in this study are AJ294386-AJ294409 (atpD) and AJ294363-AJ294385 (recA). of these genes is the most likely explanation for their occurrence within several distinct clades of subgroup 2 of the α-Proteobacteria (Dobert et al., 1994 ; Kaijalainen & Lindstro$ m, 1989 ;Lindstro$ m et al., 1995 ;Young, 1998 ;Young & Johnston, 1989). The phylogeny of the nodulation genes is quite different from that of the small subunit rRNA (SSU or 16S rRNA) genes in these bacteria. As in other bacterial groups, the SSU phylogeny has had a major influence on our current perception of evolutionary relationships among rhizobia ( Willems & Collins, 1993 ;Young, 1996 ;Young et al., 1991). More than 20 species have been described, and they are classified into the genera Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and Azorhizobium as well as ' Methylobacterium nodulans ' (de Lajudie et al., 1994' (de Lajudie et al., , 1998b Dreyfus et al., 1988 ; Jarvis et al., 1997 ; Jordan, 1982 ;Sy et al., 2001 M. W. Gaunt and others ing much slower growth on laboratory media (Dreyfus et al., 1988 ; Fred et al., 1932 ; Jordan, 1982). They are also fairly distant in the SSU p...

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“…Class I and II ancestors are acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases that participate in the degradation of acetylpolyamines via a deacetylation mechanism similar to that of eukaryotic HDACs (Sakurada et al, 1996;Leipe and Landsman, 1997). Class III members are related to bacterial CobB that deacetylates and thus regulates acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) activity (Starai et al, 2002).…”

Section: Histone Deacetylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAD+-dependent deacetylation of H4 lysine 16 by class III HDACs

2007

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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse the removal of acetyl groups from the N-terminal tails of histones. All known HDACs can be categorized into one of four classes (I-IV). The class III HDAC or silencing information regulator 2 (Sir2) family exhibits characteristics consistent with a distinctive role in regulation of chromatin structure. Accumulating data suggest that these deacetylases acquired new roles as genomic complexity increased, including deacetylation of non-histone proteins and functional diversification in mammals. However, the intrinsic regulation of chromatin structure in species as diverse as yeast and humans, underscores the pressure to conserve core functions of class III HDACs, which are also known as Sirtuins. One of the key factors that might have contributed to this preservation is the intimate relationship between some members of this group of proteins (SirT1, SirT2 and SirT3) and deacetylation of a specific residue in histone H4, lysine 16 (H4K16). Evidence accumulated over the years has uncovered a unique role for H4K16 in chromatin structure throughout eukaryotes. Here, we review the recent findings about the functional relationship between H4K16 and the Sir2 class of deacetylases and how that relationship might impact aging and diseases including cancer and diabetes.

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Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase from Mycoplana ramosa: gene cloning and characterization of the metal-substituted enzyme

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Transcriptome Analysis of Agmatine and Putrescine Catabolism inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1

Transcriptome Analysis of Agmatine and Putrescine Catabolism inPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1

Phylogenies of atpD and recA support the small subunit rRNA-based classification of rhizobia.

NAD+-dependent deacetylation of H4 lysine 16 by class III HDACs

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