Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and Gulf War illnesses: Conclusions are not supported by independent reviews of the same evidence

Blazer, Dan G.; Gray, Gregory C.; Hotopf, Matthew; Macfarlane, Gary J.; Sim, Malcolm Ross; Smith, Tyler C.; Wessely, Simon

doi:10.1073/pnas.0802669105

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Pyridostigmine has been exonerated of the Gulf War illness (Blazer et al . ), which pathogenesis is multifactorial, with exposure to multiple chemicals, including low doses of NAs and smoke nano particles, genetic, epigenetic and psychosocial factors (Kerr ).…”

Section: Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning

Masson

Nachon²

2017

Journal of Neurochemistry

123

105

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Organophosphorus agents (OPs) irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causing a major cholinergic syndrome. The medical counter-measures of OP poisoning have not evolved for the last 30 years with carbamates for pretreatment, pyridinium oximes-based AChE reactivators, antimuscarinic drugs and neuroprotective benzodiazepines for postexposure treatment. These drugs ensure protection of peripheral nervous system and mitigate acute effects of OP lethal doses. However, they have significant limitations. Pyridostigmine and oximes do not protect/reactivate central AChE. Oximes poorly reactivate AChE inhibited by phosphoramidates. In addition, current neuroprotectants do not protect the central nervous system shortly after the onset of seizures when brain damage becomes irreversible. New therapeutic approaches for pre-and post-exposure treatments involve detoxification of OP molecules before they reach their molecular targets by administrating catalytic bioscavengers, among them phosphotriesterases are the most promising. Novel generation of broad spectrum reactivators are designed for crossing the blood-brain barrier and reactivate central AChE.

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Section: Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning

Masson

Nachon²

2017

Journal of Neurochemistry

123

105

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show abstract

“…In the US, [24,76,77,148]. The strength of the evidence may change over time, which demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up and detailed clinical and scientific investigations using adequately powered studies.…”

Section: Findings From Gulf War 1990-1991 Deploymentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, unit cohesion items from each deployment location were collapsed into a single measure. Summed unit cohesion scores were divided into three categories: high unit cohesion (5-9), moderate unit cohesion (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and low unit cohesion (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In cases where participants had deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan and provided responses to the unit cohesion items twice, the country of the most recent deployment to the MEAO was used.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical comorbidities of post‐traumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam War veterans

McLeay

Harvey

Romaniuk

et al. 2017

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…Blazer et al (1) challenge my PNAS article (2) connecting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEi) exposure and Gulf War veterans' (GWV) illness (GWI). Their statements are counter to fact.…”

Section: Reply To Blazer Et Al: Flawed Challenges To ''Acetylcholinementioning

confidence: 99%

Correction for Golomb, “Reply to Blazer et al. : Flawed challenges to ‘Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses’,”

Golomb¹

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and Gulf War illnesses: Conclusions are not supported by independent reviews of the same evidence

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning

Cholinesterase reactivators and bioscavengers for pre‐ and post‐exposure treatments of organophosphorus poisoning

Physical comorbidities of post‐traumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam War veterans

Correction for Golomb, “Reply to Blazer et al. : Flawed challenges to ‘Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses’,”

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