Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) monoclonal antibody generation and validation for use as a biomarker of glyphosate-based herbicide exposure in commercial freshwater fish
“…The expression (dark brown color) was found in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in liver, as shown in Fig. 9 C and D. Our results are consistent to those found by Abdulkareem et al [ 36 ] and Thanomsit et al [ 34 , 37 ]. Fig.…”
“…The expression (dark brown color) was found in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in liver, as shown in Fig. 9 C and D. Our results are consistent to those found by Abdulkareem et al [ 36 ] and Thanomsit et al [ 34 , 37 ]. Fig.…”
“…Similarly, the inhibition of AChE activity was reported in the brain of teleost fish (L. obtusidens) exposed to herbicides clomazone and propanil [36]. Thanomsit et al [38] could design a monoclonal antibody-ACHE that is used to detect acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of fish exposed to herbicides. Thus, they could measure AChE activity in the brain of hybrid catfish, Nile tilapia, and climbing perch [38].…”
Section: Neurotoxicitymentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Thanomsit et al [38] could design a monoclonal antibody-ACHE that is used to detect acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of fish exposed to herbicides. Thus, they could measure AChE activity in the brain of hybrid catfish, Nile tilapia, and climbing perch [38].…”
Although herbicides are designed to remove or control weeds, pollution of water ecosystems with herbicides could have adverse effects on aquatic animals such as fish. The effect of herbicides on nontarget organisms may be different than expected, as herbicides may interact with another environmental contaminant. Since there are different contaminants in the water, fish may live in the cocktail of xenobiotics, including herbicides. Therefore, herbicides alone and in combination with other pollutants could affect fish physiology. Thus, the interaction of environmental contaminants with pesticides may create a situation in which a chemical affects the activity of a pesticide; that is, its effects increase or decrease or produce a new effect that neither of them creates on its own. These interactions may occur due to accidental misuse or lack of knowledge about the active ingredients in the relevant materials. This study aimed to review the effects of herbicides alone and in combination with other xenobiotics on various aspects of fish biology. In this study, different biomarkers were reviewed in fish exposed to herbicides.
“…A sublethal concentration of glyphosate was used to examine behavioural responses according to OECD [6] guidelines in correlation with the AChE expression in brain tissue.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Direct measurement of AChE using spectrophotometry as an immunological technique with antigen-antibody specificity is a promising method owing to its simplicity, high precision, and low cost and can be used with several tissue samples. Hence, this immunological technique is useful for AChE detection because of its high sensitivity and specificity [6] .…”
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