Acetylation and Phosphorylation of Histones and Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins in Neuronal and Glial Nuclei Purified from Cerebral Hemispheres of Developing Rat Brain

Serra, Immacolata; Avola, Rosanna; Condorelli, D. F.; Surrentino, S.; Renis, Marcella; Kamiyama, M.; Hashim, George A.; Giuffrida, A. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb08508.x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we found that developing neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex and chick spinal cord exhibit considerably high level of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, compared to the proliferating stem/progenitor populations. The level of histone acetylation was reported to increase during the postnatal development of rat brain (Serra et al, 1986), consistent with our current observation. Although there was little attempt to compare histone acetylation or RNA synthesis rates between stem cells and progenitor neurons, neurons appear to have higher histone acetylation level than glial cells (Hsieh et al, 2004; Shen et al, 2005; Humphrey et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in the Histone Acetylation Patterns during the Development of the Nervous System

Cho

Kim

et al. 2011

Exp Neurobiol

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Epigenetic modification such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation plays essential roles in many aspects of cellular function and development of animals. There is an increasing amounts of evidence for dynamic changes in the histone acetylation of specific gene segments, but little attempt was made to examine global pattern changes in the histone acetylation in developing nervous system. In this study, we found that acetylated histone H3 and H4 immunoreactivities were relatively weak in neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone of developing rat cerebral cortex or chick spinal cord, compared to the immature young neurons in the cortical plate of a rat embryo or lateral motor column in chick spinal cord. On the other hand, adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of rat hippocampal formation did not exhibit such diminished histone acetylation, compared to neuroblasts and mature DG neurons. These results suggest that the level of histone acetylation is highly dynamic and tightly linked to the neuronal types and the differentiation stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in the Histone Acetylation Patterns during the Development of the Nervous System

Cho

Kim

et al. 2011

Exp Neurobiol

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“…The level of histone and nonhistone protein acetylation increases during the postnatal development of the brain. 39 The levels of H3 and H4 acetylation are considerably higher in developing neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex and chick spinal cord compared to their levels in the proliferating stem cell and progenitor populations, indicating that this modification plays a significant role during the course of neural development. 40 Among HATs, CBP/p300 (CREB binding protein/E1A binding protein p300), which has a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates, has been well-studied in the context of neural development.…”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The reversible acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins in the process of neurogenesis and neural function has been studied extensively. The level of histone and nonhistone protein acetylation increases during the postnatal development of the brain . The levels of H3 and H4 acetylation are considerably higher in developing neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex and chick spinal cord compared to their levels in the proliferating stem cell and progenitor populations, indicating that this modification plays a significant role during the course of neural development …”

Section: Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Neurogenesis by Targeting Epigenetic Enzymes Using Small Molecules: An Overview

Swaminathan

Kumar

Sinha

et al. 2014

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Neurogenesis consists of a plethora of complex cellular processes including neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, migration, maturation or differentiation to neurons, and finally integration into the pre-existing neural circuits in the brain, which are temporally regulated and coordinated sequentially. Mammalian neurogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues in postnatal brain (adult neurogenesis). It is now evident that adult neurogenesis is driven by extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways, where epigenetic modifications like reversible histone acetylation, methylation, as well as DNA methylation play a vital role. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression during neural development is governed mainly by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone methyltransferase (HMTs), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and also the enzymes for reversal, like histone deacetylases (HDACs), and many of these have also been shown to be involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. The contribution of these epigenetic marks to neurogenesis is increasingly being recognized, through knockout studies and small molecule modulator based studies. These small molecules are directly involved in regeneration and repair of neurons, and not only have applications from a therapeutic point of view, but also provide a tool to study the process of neurogenesis itself. In the present Review, we will focus on small molecules that act predominantly on epigenetic enzymes to enhance neurogenesis and neuroprotection and discuss the mechanism and recent advancements in their synthesis, targeting, and biology.

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“…The high level of histone acetylation is positively related to the differentiation of NSCs into neurons. 5 Valproate (VPA), a member of histone deacetylase inhibitor family, can increase the level of histone acetylation by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs). VPA has been approved clinically for the treatment of epilepsy and convulsions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crucial role of histone acetylation in neurogenesis has been reported. The high level of histone acetylation is positively related to the differentiation of NSCs into neurons . Valproate (VPA), a member of histone deacetylase inhibitor family, can increase the level of histone acetylation by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA expression profiles of neural stem cells following valproate inducement

Peng

et al. 2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation ability, thus are considered to be a potential source for cell replacement therapy of many nervous system diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Valproate (VPA), a member of histone deacetylase inhibitor family, is an epigenetic regulator and can promote NSCs to differentiate into neurons, nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of the process remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert a crucial part in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms involve in the regulation of miRNAs expression. Therefore we speculated that miRNAs may be important factors during the promotion of neuronal differentiation by VPA. Here, after selecting appropriate concentration and treatment time of VPA, we conducted microRNA arrays at 24 h on the treatment of 1 mM VPA or vehicle. After validation, we obtained 5 significantly upregulated miRNAs (miR-29a-5p, miR-674-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-652-3p, and miR-210-3p) in VPA group compared with control. We predicted the target genes of these miRNAs on the website. Through gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses, we obtained preliminary comprehension of the function of these genes. The bioinformatics analyses indicated the involvement of them during neurogenesis. In addition, we observed high expression of miR-210-3p, miR-29a-5p, and miR-674-5p in central nervous system, which suggested that they were likely to play crucial roles in neuronal differentiation. We then defined the upregulation of Map2 by transfecting mimic of miR-674-5p, which indicated the promotion of miR-674-5p on NSCs differentiation. The present study explored the miRNAs potentially mediated the function of VPA on promoting NSCs to differentiate into neurons.

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Acetylation and Phosphorylation of Histones and Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins in Neuronal and Glial Nuclei Purified from Cerebral Hemispheres of Developing Rat Brain

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Changes in the Histone Acetylation Patterns during the Development of the Nervous System

Changes in the Histone Acetylation Patterns during the Development of the Nervous System

Modulation of Neurogenesis by Targeting Epigenetic Enzymes Using Small Molecules: An Overview

MicroRNA expression profiles of neural stem cells following valproate inducement

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