Acetyl Fentanyl, a Novel Fentanyl Analog, Causes 14 Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island, March–May 2013

Lozier, Matthew; Boyd, Molly; Stanley, Christina; Ogilvie, Laurie; King, Ewa; Martin, Colleen; Lewis, Lauren

doi:10.1007/s13181-015-0477-9

Cited by 134 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In 2013, acetylfentanyl emerged as yet another fentanyl analog responsible for numerous fatalities in Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina (Lozier et al, 2015;Rogers et al, 2015). It is believed that the magnitude of this outbreak is underappreciated since acetylfentanyl is not routinely monitored by clinical and forensic toxicology laboratories.…”

Section: Fentanyl Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

et al. 2018

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Section: Fentanyl Analogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

et al. 2018

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“…Recently, acetyl fentanyl has been 1 3 encountered in clinical and forensic case studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The number of available reports dealing with determination of acetyl fentanyl from multiple specimens in authentic cases has been limited [3,10,11,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem distribution of mepirapim and acetyl fentanyl in biological fluid and solid tissue specimens measured by the standard addition method

Mochizuki¹,

Nakazawa²,

Adachi

et al. 2018

Forensic Toxicol

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Purpose Mepirapim is a new synthetic cannabinoid. We previously reported that the concentrations of unchanged mepirapim in whole blood and urine were much higher than those of other synthetic cannabinoids. To determine the postmortem distribution of mepirapim and acetyl fentanyl in the deceased individual, we established a standard addition method for detailed analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for quantification of these drugs. Methods The LC-MS method was fully validated for linearity, extraction recovery, matrix effect and repeatability. Results Good linearities, extraction recoveries, matrix effects and repeatabilities were shown for both target compounds in all specimens. The concentrations of mepirapim and acetyl fentanyl in three body fluid specimens and 12 solid tissue specimens were measured. For mepirapim, the highest concentrations were found in the liver and kidney, and the concentrations in the blood and urine specimens were one order of magnitude lower than the high concentrations in the solid tissues except the psoas major muscle. For acetyl fentanyl, the highest concentrations were found in the myocardium, spleen and kidney, and the concentrations in the body fluid specimens were also one order of magnitude lower than the highest concentrations in the solid tissues. There were concentration differences of mepirapim and acetyl fentanyl among the regions of the brain. Conclusions The concentration of unchanged mepirapim in urine was much higher than those of other synthetic cannabinoids; the higher dosage, urinary excretion, metabolisms and/or pharmacokinetics of mepirapim may be quite different from those of other synthetic cannabinoids.

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“…The proportion of illicit drug overdose deaths involving fentanyls has grown in Canada during the last few years to exceed 50% in some parts of the country 14, 15, 16. Since 2012, 12 deaths in Russia17 and more than 50 deaths in the USA have been associated with acetylfentanyl 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. Other fentanyl analogues, such as butyrfentanyl, 3‐methylfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl, have also been linked to serious adverse events 23, 24, 25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a new psychoactive substance in seized material: the synthetic opioid N‐phenyl‐N‐[1‐(2‐phenethyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]prop‐2‐enamide (Acrylfentanyl)

Breindahl

Kimergård

Andreasen

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Among the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that have recently emerged on the market, many of the new synthetic opioids have shown to be particularly harmful. A new synthetic analogue of fentanyl, N‐phenyl‐N‐[1‐(2‐phenethyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]prop‐2‐enamide (acrylfentanyl), was identified in powder from a seized capsule found at a forensic psychiatric ward in Denmark. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) identified a precursor to synthetic fentanyls, N‐phenyl‐1‐(2‐phenylethyl)piperidin‐4‐amine; however, the precursor 1‐(2‐phenethyl)piperidin‐4‐one, was not detected. Analysis of the electron impact mass spectrum of the main, unknown chromatographic peak (GC) tentatively identified an acryloyl analogue of fentanyl. Further analyses by quadrupole time‐of‐flight high resolution mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS), matrix‐assisted laser ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MALDI‐Orbitrap‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and infra‐red spectroscopy (IR) confirmed the presence of acrylfentanyl (also known as acryloylfentanyl). Quantitative analysis with liquid chromatography and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) determined the content of acrylfentanyl in the powder, equal to 88.3 mass‐% acrylfentanyl hydrochloride. An impurity observed by NMR was identified as triethylamine hydrochloride. Acrylfentanyl is sold on the Internet as a ‘research chemical’. Like other synthetic fentanyls, such as acetylfentanyl, it poses a serious risk of fatal intoxication. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Acetyl Fentanyl, a Novel Fentanyl Analog, Causes 14 Overdose Deaths in Rhode Island, March–May 2013

Cited by 134 publications

References 26 publications

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review

Postmortem distribution of mepirapim and acetyl fentanyl in biological fluid and solid tissue specimens measured by the standard addition method

Identification of a new psychoactive substance in seized material: the synthetic opioid N‐phenyl‐N‐[1‐(2‐phenethyl)piperidin‐4‐yl]prop‐2‐enamide (Acrylfentanyl)

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