Acetone and ethanol sensing of barium hexaferrite particles: A case study considering the possibilities of non-conventional hexaferrite sensor

Karmakar, Malay; Mondal, Bittagopal; Pal, M.; Mukherjee, K.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2013.09.035

Cited by 79 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Using the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum, the optical energy band gap of the under test material can be obtained. Here optical energy band gaps are obtained by analyzing the absorption spectra with the help of well-established relationship: [37] α = A(hν − E g ) 1/2 hν Here, α is absorption coefficient, A is a characteristic parameter of transition depending on value of n. It can have values 1/2, 2, 3/2 and 3 for allowed direct, allowed indirect, forbidden direct and forbidden indirect transitions, respectively. E g denotes the optical band gap energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The band gap of BGCM is higher than barium hexaferrite (3.18eV) and barium hexaferrite thin films (2.32eV) as reported elsewhere. [37,38] The binding energy of RE-O (RE is the rare earth element) is very high, therefore, incorporation of RE 3+ increases the band gap energy up to some extent. Quantum confinement could play an important role in increase of the band gap.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Kaur

Sharma

Godara

et al. 2017

Crystal Research and Technology

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This report demonstrates Gd-Co substituted M-type barium hexaferrite, Ba 1-x Gd x Co x Fe 12-x O 19 , successful synthesis adopting sol gel method. Formation of crystalline magneto-plumbite structure and presence of other phases are verified from the X-ray diffraction analysis. Vibrational modes in FT-Raman spectra show the formation of P63/mmc group can be related with magneto-plumbite structure. TEM images of these materials are also discussed. UV-Vis-NIR spectra shows that with material substitution optical energy band gap increases 3.99 eV to 4.28 eV. The observed Fe 3+ ions peak could be correlated to peak line width and occurrence of symmetrical resonance in electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The dielectric constant shows high value at low frequency and it becomes constant at high frequency. The retentivity and coercivity of the material decreases with increasing substitution. Multiferroic nature of hexaferrite is analyzed using ferroelectric loops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Kaur

Sharma

Godara

et al. 2017

Crystal Research and Technology

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“…Barium hexaferrite powders are ideally suited fillers for the development of electromagnetic attenuation materials at microwave frequencies, due to their low cost, low density, high stability, large electrical resistivity, and high microwave magnetic loss. Thus, they find applications as electromagnetic emission absorber materials [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic and Structural Properties of Barium Hexaferrite BaFe12O19 from Various Growth Techniques

et al. 2017

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Barium hexaferrite powder samples with grains in the μm-range were obtained from solid-state sintering, and crystals with sizes up to 5 mm grown from PbO, Na2CO3, and BaB2O4 fluxes, respectively. Carbonate and borate fluxes provide the largest and structurally best crystals at significantly lower growth temperatures of 1533 K compared to flux-free synthesis (1623 K). The maximum synthesis temperature can be further reduced by the application of PbO-containing fluxes (down to 1223 K upon use of 80 at % PbO), however, Pb-substituted crystals Ba1–xPbxFe12O19 with Pb contents in the range of 0.23(2) ≤ x ≤ 0.80(2) form, depending on growth temperature and flux PbO content. The degree of Pb-substitution has only a minor influence on unit cell and magnetic parameters, although the values for Curie temperature, saturation magnetization, as well as the coercivity of these samples are significantly reduced in comparison with those from samples obtained from the other fluxes. Due to the lowest level of impurities, the samples from carbonate flux show superior quality compared to materials obtained using other methods.

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“…In the optical region, when electromagnetic waves fall on the samples it causes the valance band electrons to absorb energy and to rise to higher energy level. This absorbed band gap energy is calculated from Tauc relation [45]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites nanoparticles

Rekaby

Shehabi

Awad

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Nano-scale particles of pure Barium hexaferrite 'BaFe 12 O 19 ' and Cobalt added Barium hexaferrite 'Co x BaFe 12 O 19 ', with x=0.04, 0.06 and 0.1 wt%, were successfully synthesized by the chemical coprecipitation method. The synthesized powder was subjected to different calcination temperatures (T=850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1050°C). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) clarified that nearly single phase of BaFe 12 O 19 with tiny traces of Fe 2 O 3 phase were obtained when the precursor was calcined at 1050°C for 2 h. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume were almost unchanged with either Cobalt addition or calcination temperatures. From Debye-Scherrer equation, the crystallite size (D) was found to gradually increase with increasing calcination temperature to reach its maximum values for samples calcined at 1050°C. The formation of Barium hexaferrite phase was also confirmed from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra through the existence of strong absorption peaks that appeared between 581 cm −1 and 435 cm −1 . The morphology and grain size of the samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. Optical properties of the samples were studied through ultraviolet 'UV' visible spectroscopy. The optical band gap (E g ) of the samples was obtained from Tauc relation as function of Cobalt addition (x) and calcination temperature (T). Finally, the mechanical properties were examined using Vickers microhardness. The microhardness data revealed that the samples exhibited reverse indentation size effect (RISE). The Elastic modulus (E) and yield strength (Y) for the prepared samples were calculated, in accordance with Vickers microhardness, as function of Cobalt addition. Furthermore, the indentation size effect ISE was analyzed using indentation induced cracked model (IIC). The IIC model was found to be a suitable model for describing the microhardness results of the prepared samples. Time dependent Vickers microhardness was done through indentation creep test at different dwell time (t=10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 s) and constant applied loads (F=0.98, 4.90 and 9.80 N). Results clarified that the specimens revealed grain boundary sliding together with dislocation climbs at small loads and a dislocation creep in the operating creep process for greater loads.

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Acetone and ethanol sensing of barium hexaferrite particles: A case study considering the possibilities of non-conventional hexaferrite sensor

Cited by 79 publications

References 29 publications

Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Magnetic and Structural Properties of Barium Hexaferrite BaFe12O19 from Various Growth Techniques

Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites nanoparticles

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Acetone and ethanol sensing of barium hexaferrite particles: A case study considering the possibilities of non-conventional hexaferrite sensor

Cited by 79 publications

References 29 publications

Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Optical and Multiferroic Properties of Gd‐Co Substituted Barium Hexaferrite

Magnetic and Structural Properties of Barium Hexaferrite BaFe12O19 from Various Growth Techniques

Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrites nanoparticles

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Influence of cobalt addition and calcination temperature on the physical properties of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ hexaferrites nanoparticles