Acetic Acid-Modulated Room Temperature Synthesis of MIL-100 (Fe) Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

Abstract

Due to their flexible composition, large surface areas, versatile surface properties, and degradability, nanoscale metal organic frameworks (nano MOFs) are drawing significant attention in nanomedicine. In particular, iron trimesate MIL-100 (Fe) is studied extensively in the drug delivery field. Nanosized MIL-100 (Fe) are obtained mostly by microwave-assisted synthesis. Simpler, room-temperature (RT) synthesis methods attract growing interest and have scale-up potential. However, the preparation of RT MIL100 is still very challenging because of the high tendency of the nanoparticles to aggregate during their synthesis, purification and storage. To address this issue, we prepared RT MIL100 using acetic acid as a modulator and used non-toxic cyclodextrin-based coatings to ensure stability upon storage. Hydrodynamic diameters less than 100 nm were obtained after RT synthesis, however, ultrasonication was needed to disaggregate the nanoparticles after their purification by centrifugation. The model drug adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was successfully encapsulated in RT MIL100 obtained using acetic acid as a modulator. The coated RT MIL100 has CD-exhibited degradability, good colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, as well as high drug payload efficiency. Further studies will focus on applications in the field of cancer therapy.

An in-depth physicochemical investigation of drug-loaded core–shell UiO66 nanoMOFs

“…The optimized synthesis of CD-MO oligomers was reported in our previous study. 16 Briefly, 1.0 mmol (360 mg) catalyst Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O was added into a 5 mL aqueous solution, followed by mixing with 0.475 mmol (600 mg) β-CD and 2.8 mmol (382 mg) malic acid. After complete solubilization, the solution was concentrated by evaporation (15 min, 160 °C).…”

“…Due to their well-known biocompatibility and versatility, cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives such as phosphate-CDs (CD-P), polymerized CDs, and CD-based oligomers have been investigated as coating materials to improve nanoMOFs' stability. [14][15][16] Since 2015, our group has been working on the improvement of nanoMOFs stability without affecting their porosity and drug loading ability. 14 Functionalized CDs spontaneously anchored onto the surface of MIL100 nanoMOFs.…”

“…Further coating optimizations were made through the cross-linking of CDs with citric acid first, 15 and malic acid later on. 16 The resulting CD oligomers could advantageously be functionalized with PEG, and fluorescent molecules. The coated nanoMOFs exhibited good storage stability, and the presence of the coating did not affect porosity and drug loading capacity.…”

Current status and prospects of MIL-based MOF materials for biomedicine applications

“…The coated RT-MIL100 exhibited degradability, good colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, and high drug loading capacity. 21 3.1 Application of MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) in the delivery of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to treat inflammation, but their low solubility and poor stability limit their clinical efficacy. To overcome these limitations, researchers have turned to nanotechnology, where MOFs such as MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) offer promising solutions.…”

“…The coated RT-MIL100 exhibited degradability, good colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, and high drug loading capacity. 21…”