Acetic acid induces cell death: An in vitro study using normal rat gastric mucosal cell line and rat and human gastric cancer and mesothelioma cell lines

Abstract

Background and Aim: We recently reported that topical application of acetic acid promptly caused tumor necrosis in a mouse model of gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine whether acetic acid can directly induce cancer cell death. Methods: Rat gastric epithelial cell line (RGM-1), rat gastric carcinoma cell line (RGK-1), human gastric cancer cell line (KATO III), and human mesothelioma cell lines (ACC-MESO1 and MSTO-211H) were used. Acetic acid was added into the cell culture at different concentrations for different time periods. Cell death was analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and trypan blue exclusion test. Results: Acetic acid promptly induced the cell death of RGM-1, RGK-1 cells, and KATO III cells in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.01% to 0.5%. Acetic acid at 0.5% for 1 min induced the cell death by 80%. RGK-1 cells were more sensitive to acetic acid than RGM-l cells. KATO III cells were more sensitive to acetic acid than RGK-1 cells. Acetic acid at 0.5% for 10 min induced almost complete cell death of ACC-MESO1 and MSTO-211H. Conclusions: Acetic acid is a powerful anticancer agent. Topical application of acetic acid may be a feasible approach for the treatments of gastric cancer and possibly other malignancies.

Antibiofilm and antipersister activity of acetic acid against extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAW1

“…Briefly, L929 cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (Himedia, India) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, streptomycin (0.1 mg/mL) and penicillin (100 U/mL) and maintained at 37˚C, 5% CO 2 . Cells were seeded in microtitre plate at a density of 10 4 cells/mL and incubated for 24 h. The cells were then treated with acetic acid concentrations ranging from 0.039-5% for 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min, immediately followed by aspiration and replacement with fresh medium [26]. After 24 h of incubation, the medium was aspirated and MTT assay was performed as described above.…”

The effect of urinary Foley catheter substrate material on the antimicrobial potential of calixerene‐based molecules

“…The clinical-grade silicone showed an increased cell apoptosis when incubated with the mammalian fibroblast cell line, and this was attributed to the underlying substrate toxicity as a result of the use of acetic acid in the curing process. As found by Okabe et al (2014), the use of acetic acid in mammalian cell culture induces cell death and apoptosis. As a result, any effect of the polymer calixarene polymer coating on this substrate was masked.…”

“…As found by Okabe et al . (), the use of acetic acid in mammalian cell culture induces cell death and apoptosis. As a result, any effect of the polymer calixarene polymer coating on this substrate was masked.…”

Acetic acid is an oxidative stressor in gastric cancer cells

“…( 15 ) Notably, 0.1% and 0.01% acetic acid in culture medium results in pH values of 6.8 and 7.4, respectively. ( 6 ) Additionally, 5 µM acetic acid is lower than 0.01%, and the pH of the solution remains approximately 7.4. Thus, the cytotoxic effects of acetic acid are not related to pH.…”

“…Indeed, in a previous study, we reported that 0.5 vol% acetic acid induced cell death, particularly in cancer cells. ( 6 ) In contrast, 60 vol% acetic acid causes cellular necrosis and ulcers following topical treatment. ( 7 ) These data indicated that the cytotoxic effects of acetic acid depend on the concentration of the chemical.…”