Acetic acid disinfection as a potential adjunctive therapy for non-severe COVID-19

Pianta, Luca; Vinciguerra, Alessandro; Bertazzoni, Giacomo; Morello, Riccardo; Mangiatordi, F.; Lund, VJ; Trimarchi, Matteo

doi:10.1007/s00405-020-06067-8

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Prior studies on viral upper respiratory tract infections with hypertonic saline showed decreased viral shedding and reduced patients' infectivity 25 in the already diseased. Others propose other types of medications: in 26 inhalation of acetic acid is suggested being effective in shortening the duration of symptoms. The present study -- besides suggesting the olfactory region as a target for inhibition of the secondary viral infection which endangers the CNS -- provides further support for the effectiveness of such preventive measures, since a diffuse droplet deposition takes place in the nasal fossae, that can be easily reached by washing or by other nasal medications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration

Pipolo

Bulfamante

Schillaci³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus supposed to enter the organism through aerosol or fomite transmission to the nose, eyes and oropharynx. It is responsible for various clinical symptoms, including hyposmia and other neurological ones. Current literature suggests the olfactory mucosa as a port of entry to the CNS, but how the virus reaches the olfactory groove is still unknown. Because the first neurological symptoms of invasion (hyposmia) do not correspond to first signs of infection, the hypothesis of direct contact through airborne droplets during primary infection and therefore during inspiration is not plausible. The aim of this study is to evaluate if a secondary spread to the olfactory groove in a retrograde manner during expiration could be more probable. Methods: Four three-dimensional virtual models were obtained from actual CT scans and used to simulate expiratory droplets. The volume mesh consists of 25 million of cells, the simulated condition is a steady expiration, driving a flow rate of 270 ml/s, for a duration of 0.6 seconds. The droplet diameter is of 5 µm. Results: The analysis of the simulations shows the virus to have a high probability to be deployed in the rhinopharynx, on the tail of medium and upper turbinates. The possibility for droplets to access the olfactory mucosa during the expiratory phase is lower than other nasal areas, but consistent. Discussion: The data obtained from these simulations demonstrates the virus can be deployed in the olfactory groove during expiration. Even if the total amount in a single act is scarce, it must be considered it is repeated tens of thousands of times a day, and the source of contamination continuously acts on a timescale of several days. The present results also imply CNS penetration of SARS-CoV-2 through olfactory mucosa might be considered a complication and, consequently, prevention strategies should be considered in diseased patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration

Pipolo

Bulfamante

Schillaci³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…It destroys the viral envelope and inhibits viral transmission. 13,14 Vinegar is effective in inhibiting the infectivity of virus by lowering the titer by 90% in the nasopharyngeal swab. Also, fumigation of vinegar at low concentration (0.34%) ameliorated the symptoms of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at a faster rate.…”

Section: Antiviralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, fumigation of vinegar at low concentration (0.34%) ameliorated the symptoms of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at a faster rate. 14,15…”

Section: Antiviralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary pursuits of vinegar from scullery to dermatology

Bansal¹,

Budhiraja²,

Bansal

2020

Int J Res Dermatol

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<p class="keywords">Vinegar is widely available as a food ingredient for flavouring and as a preservative. It is one of the oldest skin remedy known to mankind. However, its status in treatment regimens has declined over the decades. This article is an attempt to highlight its therapeutic armamentarium in dermatology, venereology and leprosy. Acetic acid in vinegar has antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. This review talks about various studies of acetic acid for various indications, such as screening for cervical cancer, healing of chronic wounds, atopic dermatitis, onychomycosis, marine dermatoses, acne vulgaris, warts, in sclerotherapy and many others dermatoses. Combination therapies and newer indications are also described in this article. Recently, its antiviral action in vitro has been demonstrated against the ongoing coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p>

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“…Based on ancient medical tradition [6], in order to mitigate virus replication and its consequences in the upper respiratory tract mucosa, including acute anosmia (a frequent early symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection [7]), fumigation of vinegar diluted in boiling water at a concentration of 0.34% for 15 min has been adopted as an empirical practice in COVID-19 patients. Indeed, improvement of symptoms such as coughing and fever was observed in >90% of individuals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vinegar and its active component acetic acid inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and ex vivo

Pagani¹,

Ghezzi²,

Clementi³

et al. 2021

J Transl Sci

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Effective and economic measures are needed to either prevent or inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, in the upper respiratory tract. As fumigation of vinegar at low concentration (0.34%) ameliorated the symptoms of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, we tested in vitro the potential antiviral activity of vinegar and of its active component, acetic acid. We here demonstrate that both vinegar and acetic acid indeed strongly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in Vero cells. Furthermore, vinegar treatment caused a 90% inhibition of the infectious titer when directly applied to a nasopharyngeal swab transfer medium of a COVID-19 patient. These effects were potentiated if conduced at a temperature of 45°C vs. 37°C, a condition that is transiently generated in the upper respiratory tract during fumigation. Our findings are consistent and extend the results of studies performed in the early and mid-20 th century on the disinfectant capacity of organic acids and can provide an affordable home-made aid to prevent or contain SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper respiratory tract.Pagani I (2020) Vinegar and its active component acetic acid inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and ex vivo

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Acetic acid disinfection as a potential adjunctive therapy for non-severe COVID-19

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration

Through The Back Door: Expiratory Accumulation of SARS-Cov-2 in the Olfactory Mucosa as Mechanism for CNS Penetration

Contemporary pursuits of vinegar from scullery to dermatology

Vinegar and its active component acetic acid inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and ex vivo

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