Acetic acid and lithium chloride effects on hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

Lynam, Joan G.; Coronella, Charles J.; Yan, Wei; Reza, M. Toufiq; Vásquez, Victor R.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.035

Cited by 222 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

123

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The hydrothermal or the wet torrefaction uses either compressed water in a liquid form (Yan et al, 2010) or water mixed with acetic acid and lithium chloride (Lynman et al, 2011). The hydrothermal (wet) torrefier is an innovative reactor that could be used for treating a wet biomass such as animal manures, human waste, sewage sledges, municipal solid waste, aquaculture residues and microalgae.…”

Section: The Hydrothermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

170

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomass is a versatile energy resource that could be used as a sustainable energy resource in solid, liquid and gaseous form of energy sources. Torrefaction is an emerging thermal biomass pretreatment method that has an ability to reduce the major limitations of biomass such as heterogeneity, lower bulk density, lower energy density, hygroscopic behavior, and fibrous nature. Torrefaction, aiming to produce high quality solid biomass products, is carried out at 200-300 °C in an inert environment at an atmospheric pressure. The removal of volatiles through different decomposition reactions is the basic principle behind the torrefaction process. Torrefaction upgrades biomass quality and alters the combustion behavior, which can be efficiently used in the co-firing power plant. This paper presents a comprehensive review on torrefaction of biomass and their characteristics. Despite of the number of advantages, torrefaction is motivated mainly for thermochemical conversion process because of its ability to increase hydrophobicity, grindability and energy density of biomass. In addition to this, torrefied biomass could be used to replace coal in the metallurgical process, and promoted as an alternative of charcoal.

show abstract

Section: The Hydrothermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

170

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 10 % citric acid solution has a pH of 3.8 while a 4 % sodium citrate solution has the pH 7.5. At lower temperatures, hemicellulose and cellulose are reactive in acidic media while lignin remains inert [24]. But in a slightly basic solution, lignin is reactive, and cellulose and hemicelluloses are inert [25].…”

Section: Treatment Of Corn Stover With Various Organic Chelatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose has a unique structure, and there is little or no possibility of forming bonds between the inorganic molecules and cellulose. Hemicellulose has the potential to bind some inorganics, but research has shown that a hydrothermal carbonization treatment at 200°C degrades all hemicelluloses while the ash content is not reduced significantly [9,24]. The sodium citrate makes it possible for the lignin to depolymerize and for the citrate ion to form bonds with the metal ions.…”

Section: Treatment Of Corn Stover With Various Organic Chelatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash reduction of corn stover by mild hydrothermal preprocessing

Reza

Emerson

Uddin

et al. 2014

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignocellulosic biomass such as corn stover can contain high ash content, which may act as an inhibitor in downstream conversion processes. Most of the structural ash in biomass is located in the cross-linked structure of lignin, which is mildly reactive in basic solutions. Four organic acids (formic, oxalic, tartaric, and citric) were evaluated for effectiveness in ash reduction, with limited success. Because of sodium citrate's chelating and basic characteristics, it is effective in ash removal. More than 75 % of structural and 85 % of whole ash was removed from the biomass by treatment with 0.1 g of sodium citrate per gram of biomass at 130°C and 2.7 bar. FTIR, fiber analysis, and chemical analyses show that cellulose and hemicellulose were unaffected by the treatment. ICP-AES showed that all inorganics measured were reduced within the biomass feedstock, except sodium due to the addition of Na through the treatment. Sodium citrate addition to the preconversion process of corn stover is an effective way to reduced physiological ash content of the feedstock without negatively impacting carbohydrate and lignin content.

show abstract

“…The authors found that both additives had a significant effect on solid yield, carbon content and oxygen content of hydrochar carbonized at 250 °C for 1-1.5 h likely due to reaction kinetics. In addition, Lynam et al (2011) found that acetic acid additions affected cellulose dissolution and respectively decreased solid yield and increased energy densification of loblolly pine. Reza et al (2015) also reported lower mass yields and higher carbon contents in hydrochar produced from wheat straw through the use of acetic acid.…”

Section: Individual Response Modelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The objective of this work was to determine the effect of acid and base additions to the properties of hydrochar produced through hydrothermal carbonization of mixed sludge from the pulp and paper industry. Effects of acids and bases have previously been determined for model compounds such as cellulose (Lu et al, 2014), virgin wood (Lynam et al, 2011) and agricultural residues (Reza et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill

Mäkelä

Benavente

Fullana

2016

Bioresource Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Mäkelä, M., Benavente, V., Fullana, A., Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill, Bioresource Technology (2015), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech. 2015.10.062 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractMixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill was hydrothermally carbonized at 180-260 °C for 0.5-5 h with the use of HCl or NaOH for determining the effect of acid and base additions during sludge carbonization. Based on the results carbonization was mainly governed by dehydration, depolymerization and decarboxylation of sludge components.Additive type had a statistically significant effect on hydrochar carbon content and carbon and energy yield, of which especially energy yield increased through the use of HCl. The theoretical energy efficiencies of carbonization increased with decreasing reaction temperature, retention time and the use of HCl and suggested that the energy requirement could be covered by the energy content of attained hydrochar. The BOD 5 /COD -ratios of analyzed liquid samples indicated that the dissolved organic components could be treated by conventional biological methods.

show abstract

Acetic acid and lithium chloride effects on hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 222 publications

References 31 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Ash reduction of corn stover by mild hydrothermal preprocessing

Hydrothermal carbonization of industrial mixed sludge from a pulp and paper mill

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About