Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder

Schultz, Stanley G.; Klonoff-Cohen, Hillary; Wingard, Deborah L.; Akshoomoff, Natacha; Macera, Caroline A.; Ji, Ming

doi:10.1177/1362361307089518

Cited by 82 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We have not examined the records in detail to determine what percentage had autism before receiving the vaccine, and, in fact, in many cases this information is not available from the VAERS record, which may simply list autism as a feature. An interesting theory relating the MMR vaccine to ASD involves a proposed toxic reaction to the acetaminophen (paracetamol) administered to control fever following vaccination [25,106]. It has been proposed that acetaminophen may mediate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in autism [107], and acetaminophen has been demonstrated to be toxic to developing mouse cortical neurons in vitro [108].…”

Section: Distribution Of Vaccine Types In Autism Versus Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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Autism is a condition characterized by impaired cognitive and social skills, associated with compromised immune function. The incidence is alarmingly on the rise, and environmental factors are increasingly suspected to play a role. This paper investigates word frequency patterns in the U.S. CDC Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. Our results provide strong evidence supporting a link between autism and the aluminum in vaccines. A literature review showing toxicity of aluminum in human physiology offers further support. Mentions of autism in VAERS increased steadily at the end of the last century, during a period when mercury was being phased out, while aluminum adjuvant burden was being increased. Using standard log-likelihood ratio techniques, we identify several signs and symptoms that are significantly more prevalent in vaccine reports after 2000, including cellulitis, seizure, depression, fatigue, pain and death, which are also significantly associated with aluminum-containing vaccines. We propose that children with the autism diagnosis are especially vulnerable to toxic metals such as aluminum and mercury due to insufficient serum sulfate and glutathione. A strong correlation between autism and the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine is also observed, which may be partially explained via an increased sensitivity to acetaminophen administered to control fever.

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Section: Distribution Of Vaccine Types In Autism Versus Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Seneff

Davidson²,

Liu

2012

Entropy

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“…Fourth, a noted feature of SSRIs is that they produce the experience of blunted emotion [90]. Linked to this it would appear, they lead to decrements in our abilities to read emotion [91]. These behavioral effects are consonant with changes that will register on instruments currently used to detect communication difficulties and are likely to lead to an ASD diagnosis.…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Links between serotonin reuptake inhibition during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay/spectrum disorders: A systematic review of epidemiological and physiological evidence

Healy

Noury

Mangin

2016

JRS

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Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To investigate possible linkages between neurodevelopmental delay and neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders and exposure to medication with effects on serotonin reuptake inhibition during pregnancy. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the epidemiological literature for studies bearing on this relationship in children born with neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder and related conditions, as well as animal studies giving serotonin reuptake inhibitors to pregnant animals and in addition reviewed the literature for proposals as to possible mechanisms that might link effects on serotonin reuptake with cognitive changes post-partum.The epidemiological studies were analysed to produce Forest plots to illustrate possible relations. RESULTS: The odds ratio of Autistic Spectrum or related Disorders in children born to women taking serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressants during pregnancy in case control studies was 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.63, 2.34) and in prospective cohort studies was 1.96 (95% C.I. 1.33, 2.90).CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a link between serotonin reuptake inhibition in pregnancy and developmental delay and spectrum disorders in infancy leading to cognitive difficulties in childhood. More work needs to be done to establish more precisely the nature of the difficulties and possible mechanisms through which this link might be mediated.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, neurodevelopmental delay, neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders, antidepressants, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, pregnancy BackgroundThe clinical syndrome later called autism was first reported in 1943 [1]. The first studies of the prevalence of autism or autistic disorder (AD) in the 1960s pointed to a rate of 4 per 10,000 [2,3]. Later studies indicated the existence of a spectrum of disorders, and brought the term autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) into being in the mid-1990s 126 D. Healy et al. / Link between SSRIs in pregnancy and autistic spectrum disordersand ASD also now includes other syndromes such as Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Aspergers Disorder so that it is difficult to know how closely current clinical usage of an ASD diagnosis maps onto AD and ASD as first conceived. Current estimates are that ASD in research studies occurs at a rate of more than 1 in 70 children [5,6].Kanner autism was recognized before the emergence of modern psychotropic drugs, and given its submergence in ASD, it may not now be possible to establish whether it is linked to commonly used psychotropic medications. A number of clinical pictures linked to psychotropic drug use, fetal anticonvulsant syndrome (FACS), fetal valproate syndrome (FVS), and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have been described since 1970. Aside from the link to treatment, the clinical features of these disorders are consistent with a diagnosis of ASD but not Kanner autism. A growing number of epidemiological studies point to an increase in rates of ASD. This translates popularly into concerns about a change in the p...

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“…[131] A year earlier, another medication now implicated in ASD became popular with parents, pediatricians, and hospitals -acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol), the antipyretic/analgesic of choice after aspirin was mistakenly implicated in Reye's syndrome in 1980 [132,133]. Until about 1980, approximately 50-60% of autistic children were abnormal from birth, and 40-50% regressed into autism at about 18 months [83].…”

Section: Why Is Ammonia High In Autistic Disorders?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does infectious fever relieve autistic behavior by releasing glutamine from skeletal muscles as provisional fuel?

Good¹

2013

Medical Hypotheses

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Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure

Links between serotonin reuptake inhibition during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental delay/spectrum disorders: A systematic review of epidemiological and physiological evidence

Does infectious fever relieve autistic behavior by releasing glutamine from skeletal muscles as provisional fuel?

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