Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Juice Intake Suppresses UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation in SMP30/GNL Knockout Hairless Mice

Sato, Yasunori; Uchida, Eriko; Aoki, Hitoshi; Hanamura, Takayuki; Nagamine, Ken-ichi; Kato, Harubumi; Koizumi, Takeshi; Ishigami, Akihito

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170438

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…VC deficiency in humans is referred to as "scurvy," and symptoms include hypoplasia of connective tissue and gums and subcutaneous bleeding. However, recent studies have shown that SMP30/GNL KO mice not only present with scurvy but other symptoms such as underdevelopment, defective hepatic metabolism, and hair growth insufficiency [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis of SMP30/GNL knockout mice treated with fermented vegetable and fruit extract (OM-X®)

Wakame

Takahata²,

Miyake³

et al. 2020

FFHD

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Background: A dietary supplement developed in Japan, OM-X®, is the result of extended fermentation of dozens of edible vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, mushrooms, and includes 12 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium. The supplements powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulatory effect on metabolizing liver enzymes have been reported.Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/Gluconolactonase (GNL) Knockout (KO) mice, which lack the ability to biosynthesize Vitamin C (VC) in the body, were used in this study. The mice exhibited decreased antioxidant capacity in the blood, decreased liver function, and had poor hair growth due to the VC deficiency. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of oral administration of OM-X® on VC deficiency from the viewpoint of comprehensive analysis of liver metabolism.Methods: SMP30/GNL KO and C57BL/6 (WT) mice were used in this study. The KO mice were divided into the following three groups: VC non-administration (VC minus), VC (0.15 W/V %) administration (VC plus), and no VC plus 0.6% OM-X® administration (OM-X®) groups (n = 6 per group). Mice were kept under experimental conditions until they were euthanized at week 8 (age: 16 weeks old). Body weight and plasma biochemistry levels were measured.. Metabolomic analyses of harvested livers were performed.Results: In the VC minus group, a significant decrease in body weight and significant changes in plasma biochemistry parameters compared with the WT control or VC plus groups was observed. In the OM-X® group, significant suppression or a suppressive trend was observed compared with the VC minus group. Liver metabolomic analysis showed that total adenylate levels decreased in the VC minus group, whereas OM-X® administration significantly elevated total adenylate levels. In addition, the ratios of Glutathione (GSH)/ Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and total glutathione levels were all significantly higher in the OM-X® group than in the VC minus group. The glycerol 3-phosphate/ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and putrescine/spermidine ratios were elevated in the VC minus group, whereas it was significantly lower in the OM-X® group.Conclusion: The results showed that in SMP30/GNL KO mice, some organ damage may have occurred during VC deficiency, as indicated by weight loss, hepatic injury, and changes in triglyceride-related markers. OM-X® had an effect on energy charge maintenance by elevating total adenylate levels, inducing antioxidant capacity via enhancing glutathione levels, and promoting protein synthesis, including polyamine synthesis. Altogether, the results revealed that OM-X® prevents the adverse biological changes caused by VC deficiency in SMP30/GNL KO mice.Keywords: OM-X®, SMP30/GNL KO mice, Vitamin C, metabolomic analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic analysis of SMP30/GNL knockout mice treated with fermented vegetable and fruit extract (OM-X®)

Wakame

Takahata²,

Miyake³

et al. 2020

FFHD

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“…In addition, sulfur-rich extracts such as garlic acid ( Allium sativa in the ERGYTAURINE formulation) may enhance heavy metal removal by inducing antioxidant activities [54,55,56]. Apple pectin [56] and acerole (very rich in vitamin C) also contribute to heavy metals removal [57]. In addition, Sambucus nigra (elderberry) contains antocyanines that supply 87% of the daily vitamin C levels necessary for humans [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apple pectin [56] and acerole (very rich in vitamin C) also contribute to heavy metals removal [57]. In addition, Sambucus nigra (elderberry) contains antocyanines that supply 87% of the daily vitamin C levels necessary for humans [57]. Vitamins B6, B-9, and B-12, as well as Se, Zn ++ , and Mg ++ (ERGYTAURINE formulation) [58] are necessary for certain enzymatic activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Term Algae Extract (Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg++, Sn) Levels in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgam Fillings Restorations

Merino¹,

Parmigiani-Izquierdo²,

Gasca

et al. 2019

Antioxidants

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The toxicity of heavy metals such as Hg++ is a serious risk for human health. We evaluated whether 90 days of nutritional supplementation (d90, n = 16) with Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Fucus sp extracts in conjunction with aminosulphurate (nutraceuticals) supplementation could detox heavy metal levels in patients with long-term titanium dental implants (average: three, average: 12 years in mouth) and/or amalgam fillings (average: four, average: 15 years) compared to baseline levels (d0: before any supplementation, n = 16) and untreated controls (without dental materials) of similar age (control, n = 21). In this study, we compared levels of several heavy metals/oligoelements in these patients after 90 days (n = 16) of nutritional supplementation with CV and aminozuphrates extract with their own baseline levels (d0, n = 16) and untreated controls (n = 21); 16 patients averaging 44 age years old with long-term dental amalgams and titanium implants for at least 10 years (average: 12 years) were recruited, as well as 21 non-supplemented controls (without dental materials) of similar age. The following heavy metals were quantified in hair samples as index of chronic heavy metal exposure before and after 90 days supplementation using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and expressed as μg/g of hair (Al, Hg++, Ba, Ag, Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Pb, Pt, Tl, Th, U, Ni, Sn, and Ti). We also measured several oligoelements (Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, Cr, V, Mo, B, I, P, Se, Sr, P, Co, Fe++, Ge, Rb, and Zr). The algae and nutraceutical supplementation during 90 consecutive days decreased Hg++, Ag, Sn, and Pb at 90 days as compared to baseline levels. The mercury levels at 90 days decreased as compared with the untreated controls. The supplementation contributed to reducing heavy metal levels. There were increased lithium (Li) and germanium (Ge) levels after supplementation in patients with long-term dental titanium implants and amalgams. They also (d90) increased manganesum (Mn++), phosphorum (P), and iron (Fe++) levels as compared with their own basal levels (d0) and the untreated controls. Finally, decreased SuperOxide Dismutase-1 (SOD-1) activity (saliva) was observed after 90 days of supplementation as compared with basal levels (before any supplementation, d0), suggesting antioxidant effects. Conversely, we detected increased SOD-1 activity after 90 days as compared with untreated controls. This SOD-1 regulation could induce antioxidant effects in these patients. The long-term treatment with algae extract and aminosulphurates for 90 consecutive days decreased certain heavy metal levels (Hg++, Ag, Sn, Pb, and U) as compared with basal levels. However, Hg++ and Sn reductions were observed after 90 days as compared with untreated controls (without dental materials). The dental amalgam restoration using activated nasal filters in conjunction with long-term nutritional supplementation enhanced heavy metals removal. Finally, the long-term supplementation with these algae and aminoazuphrates was safe and non-toxic in patients. These supplements prevented certain deficits in oligoelements without affecting their Na+/K+ ratios after long-term nutraceutical supplementation.

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“…The concentration of hydroxyproline, the structural unit of collagen in the skin, markedly decreased after keeping SMP-30/GNL-KO mice in a VC-deficient condition for 60 days. Moreover, skin pigmentation was suppressed when administering VC containing acerola juice followed by UVB irradiation of the skin of VC-deficient hairless mice (6). Other reports regarding the relationship between VC and the skin include a delay in wound healing because of VC deficiency, stimulation of type I collagen gene expression in human skin fibroblasts by VC (7) and VC derivatives, and functional regulation of keratinocytes by the anti-oxidative activity of VC (8).…”

Section: /Gluconolactonase Knockout Mice (Smp-30/gnl-ko) Are a Verymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Skin from SMP30/GNL Knockout Mice Reveals the Effect of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency on Skin and Hair

Wakame

Komatsu

Nakata

et al. 2017

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Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) Juice Intake Suppresses UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation in SMP30/GNL Knockout Hairless Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Metabolomic analysis of SMP30/GNL knockout mice treated with fermented vegetable and fruit extract (OM-X®)

Metabolomic analysis of SMP30/GNL knockout mice treated with fermented vegetable and fruit extract (OM-X®)

The Long-Term Algae Extract (Chlorella and Fucus sp) and Aminosulphurate Supplementation Modulate SOD-1 Activity and Decrease Heavy Metals (Hg++, Sn) Levels in Patients with Long-Term Dental Titanium Implants and Amalgam Fillings Restorations

Transcriptome Analysis of Skin from SMP30/GNL Knockout Mice Reveals the Effect of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency on Skin and Hair

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